Leonid Kravchuk

1991, and aimed to cultivate a relationship with Western Europe, particularly the European Union (EU). Discouragingly, twenty six years after independence Ukraine wrestles with a depleted economy inherited from former and first President Leonid Kravchuk. Leonid Kuchma, the country’s second president, only fared slightly better than his predecessor but soon faltered. Kuchma was accused by the opposition of immoderately conceding to Russian economic interests. What’s more, Kuchma’s

Native American Astronomy For many years astronomers and people alike have constantly heard about the observations and records of the Chinese and Europeans. No other culture can provide as much information as that gathered by the Chinese and Europeans, but there are many other cultures that observed and recorded the night sky, one of those being the Native Americans. During the last fifteen to twenty years archaeoastronomers have uncovered much concerning the beliefs and records of Native Americans

For my essay I’ve chosen the topic: ‘Ukraine as a ‘bridge’ between Russia and EU’. I found it really interesting, especially in current situation, after the Presidential elections. And, of course, the topic is very important to me, as I’m Ukrainian and studying in the country, which belongs to EU. In this paper it would be considered: reasons of forming of current situation in Ukraine; relationships and perspective of development of them with Russia; relationships and perspective of development of

Have you ever had a case of the hiccups that you just couldn’t seem to get rid of? You tried all the tricks in the book, from holding your breath, to standing upside down, but those pestering hiccups still stuck around? In a sense, many Eastern European countries had a persistent case of the hiccups, during the early 1990s, which they were trying to shake. Except this wasn’t your average case of the hiccups, these hiccups were called communism. Following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, most

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) practice has been increasingly prevalent in modern infrastructure delivery and public service provision, such as in transportation, electric power, waste management, health care, and other industries (Broadbent and Iaughlin, 2004; Essig and Batran, 2005; Hodge and Greve, 2007; Wang, 2015; Zhang et al., 2015). Popularity of PPPs is mainly attributed to some inherent efficiency advantages (Grimsey and Lewis, 2007; Hart, 2003; Yang and Wang, 2013). Unlike conventional

The USSR’s Ill Fated Military Intervention in Afghanistan In the Fall of1994 the Bulletin of the The Cold War International History Project mentions in an article, ”Despite the declassification of numerous high-level Soviet documents the precise reasons behind the USSR’s massive, ill fated military intervention in Afghanistan in December 1979 remain murky”. Reading these documents it becomes obvious that intervention was the result of a long and sometimes bitter struggle within the politburo

An entire generation in Cold War Soviet Russia was born to a nuclear bomb, raised under the constant threat of war, and seemed doomed to suffocate by their own government, until they were emancipated by a life force that was as formidable as unlikely a savior. This paper discusses the role of the Beatles and their music in the cultural, political and social revolutions that took place Cold War Russia. Drawing upon various conversations and anecdotes that Leslie Woodhead discusses in his 2013 book

Leonid Brezhnev, who took power after Khrushchev, attempted to reinstate Stalinism back into the Soviet Union. His reign created the neo-Stalinist period in Russia, albeit with a series of economic reforms that favored light industries and the production

And this thesis can be supported even in 1976 when the Soviet leader - Leonid Brezhnev states that “We Communists have to string along with the capitalists for a while. We need their agriculture and their technology.” Revisionist theories give big credit to Gorbachev, the leader of the Soviet Union, for ending the Cold War

knowledge into the lyrics and alert other people to the chaos going on around them. They also knew about the leaders of the time period and the things that they had done. During the Cold War Leonid Brezhnev took over the Soviet Union after Nikita Krushnev. Brezhnev began to take over other countries (“Leonid Brezhnev- Pushing”, 2000). Brezhnev believed that the Soviet Union