Levels-of-processing effect

Abstract This was a study conducted at IUP on undergraduate students to see if processing information at certain levels would improve memory recall. During the study, we presented the participants with a PowerPoint of information on a made-up country. The participants was randomly assigned to a shallow, medium, or deep processing instruction, which explained to them how to take notes throughout the presentation. After, students’ recieved a distractor task for 15 minutes, and after given a multiple-choice

Memory Test Outcomes: Differences? Naïve and Non-Naive participants using Levels of Processing Test Abstract 90words Introductions 450 Many researchers have tried to unravel the mystery of memory in the brain. Early popular theorist Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) proposed that memories are kept in the brain in “stores” or rather locations where the information is held. They suggest that new information detected from the environment enters to the sensory memory. If attention is paid

structural processing, phonemic processing and semantic processing. So, how do these processes work? Structural processing and phonemic processing are both division found within the shallow process. Shallow processing simply implicates the maintenance through rehearsal which heads towards ones short term maintenance of information as repetition helps and individual hold data in the STM, which is the only rehearsal that happens within the multi store model. The shallow form of processing information

will share similar results. There will be little to no difference when it comes to identifying the answers to the questions that are being asked based on the level of difficulty for encoding information. Deeper levels of processing will have a higher significance when it comes to recalling information as opposed to other levels of processing. Even when lures are presented, there will be no significance when coming in contact with semantic words as opposed to letter and rhyme. Method Participants

to store and retrieve words. The levels on which words were stored were structural, the lowest level, phonetic, the next highest level, and semantic, the highest level of processing. The experiment is based on the recall and reorganization of the words from group they show during the experiment. The experiment conducted supported hypotheses regarding a subject’s performance on retrieving words at different levels. The independent variables were the encoding levels, and they manipulated the dependent

Noteworthy findings indicated that the participants recognized more items from the generate condition than read condition. A notable large effect between the two conditions was detected as well. Slamecka and Graf (1978) strongly suggested that generation effect existed, despite of other argumentative claims. Under the same category, items involve providing a stimulus and response in the generate condition confirms improve memory in the later recognition test versus items in the read condition.

“Every time I learn the name of a student, I forget the name of a fish” was once said by David Jordan, the president of Stanford University (Anderson, Bjork & Bjork, 2000). This statement is interesting because it brings up the idea of the amount of information one can consume and maintain available at any given time; this information is put into memory. Memory is the process of maintaining, recovering, and applying information about episodes and events, when the original material is not current

The Levels Of Processing Model The Levels OF Processing (LOP) Model is an alternative to the Multi Store (MS) Model. It does appreciate the idea that both STM and LTM do exist however it does focus on the inter- related processes needed for memory. It looks at the way information is coded and how likely it is to be remembered depending on the type of coding. * The LOP model was based on a study by Craik & Tulving (1875) who tested participants on remembering

Psychology Internal Assessment Aim: The aim of this study is to prove the level of processing theory created by Craik and Lockhart (1972) by replicating the experiment of Craik and Tulving (1975) Introduction: Before the level of processing theory, psychologists Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) introduced the multi store model demonstrated memory involving three different stores, sensory store, the short-term store (STS) and the long-term store (LTS). They indicated that purposes of these static

According to Levels of Processing framework, developed by Craik and Lockhart (1972), the duration that a memory is held, is determined by the level at which the information is encoded. Episodic memory recall is a cognitive process involved in consolidating the information presented. The ‘depth’ of processing occurring during the encoding of a memory, relates to, how well information is recalled later. To clarify, information that we process semantically (i.e., by its meaning) comprises a deeper level of processing