Limb pain

Haptic and Exoskeleton Devices, Virtual Reality, and Upper Limb Neurorehabilitation Leah Piggott, Samantha R. Wagner, and Mounia Ziat Abstract— Brain trauma frequently affects an individual's motor functioning and sensory feedback. Current neurorehabilitation research explores how technology can improve a patient’s quality of life. Haptic and Exoskeleton devices assist in motor functioning, and enable sensory and haptic feedback; virtual reality can create immersive environments or games for rehabilitation

What is pain? The word pain consists of many definitions. It can be both mental and physical. Losing a loved one can result in mental pain, while physical pain is usually caused by external and internal injuries. Pain differs depending on the source. There are some that even argue that pain is just a fabric of our imagination. Those that enforce that concept believe that pain isn’t real and is an illusion created by the mind. They also believe that pain can simply be switched on and off. Which means

Can humans sense what is not truly present? In many post-amputee patients, pain is experienced in their amputated limb, despite it being removed. This neuropathic phenomenon is known as phantom limb pain (PLP). PLP is a neurologically generated medical phenomenon of unknown origin, and ineffective treatment options. PLP is a neurological disorder commonly found in patients after the removal of a limb (Flor, 2002). These amputees report sensations like burning, pinching, poking and tightening (Flor

Bravery Personified Master Sargent Charles Burlington, III, wakes up from his mid-day nap to find his twin sister taking her own nap in the chair next to him. He will probably never admit it, but he takes great comfort in her presence. He suffered a tramatic brain injury with hearing loss in addition to the loss of his left leg by a roadside bomb in Kabul, Afghanistan that took the lives of two members of his team and maimed two others. His survival was uncertain when he was flown to a military

The author starts off by recalling his personal experiences with phantom limbs. A young boy had a phantom limb phenomenon. The term phantom limb was first used by Silas Weir Mitchell in 1872. Phantom limb seems to occur because of the images created by the images of the body and makes the person always believe that it is all there even after an amputation. The body is basically trying to make sense of the amputation. It is not actually caused by incorrect neural activity. It is actually more built

It has been found that the increased use of a prosthetic limb can reduce phantom limb pain (PLP) in amputees suffering from strong pain. How that occurs is still up for research and debate, but some ideas have been formulated as to how the brain can adapt to the trauma of losing a limb. In their article, Preißler et al. (2013), detail the relationships between cortical plasticity, the use of prosthesis, and reduction in PLP linked with prosthesis use. Furthermore, by understanding the effects of

This assessment was performed on a widowed 67 year old Caucasian male who lives alone. The patients name is Sean, and he has a diagnosis of above-knee amputation to his left limb, which was secondary to diabetes mellitus. Sean also suffers from a stage II sacral decubitus ulcer. Eleven weeks ago he had an above-knee amputation to L LE due to lack of self-care. Prior to amputation he was capable of achieving his activities of daily living (ADLs) independently. He was previously a carpenter but since

INTRODUCTION Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterised by pain in combination with sensory, autonomic, trophic and motor abnormalities. There are two forms of CRPS and they are referred to as CRPS type 1 and CRPS type 2. CRPS type 1 is also known as Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSD). And type 2 is known as Causalgia.1-2 The cause of complex regional pain syndrome is unknown and many causes of CRPS occurs after a forceful trauma to an arm or a leg, such as

Discontinue, but gradual weaning is advised. The claimant presented with chronic left lower limb radicular symptoms status post lumbar surgery complicated by postoperative arachnoiditis. She had an ambulatory dysfunction secondary to a left foot drop. Her physical examination revealed weakness, lower limb numbness, and a positive straight leg raise test on the left. The claimant has been taking Topiramate since 2013. It was noted that the symptoms failed to improve with Duloxetine. However, a significant

INTRODUCTION Ergonomic means the understanding of the interactions among humans and other elements of a system. This is achieved by applying theoretical principles, data and methods to design so that we can optimise human well being and thus improving overall system performance. Ergonomists helps in planning, designing and evaluation of tasks, jobs and products in industries. These also include environments and systems in order to make viable to the needs, abilities and limitations of peoples. The