Lipid peroxidation

ABSTRACT The cosmetic industry is steadily probing for discovery of new formulations with effective delivery system having biological activity. Nanoscience is one of the widely used technologies and finds its applications in the cosmetic industry. Nanotechnology thus is a transformative and new technical revolution and is being used for alteration of physical properties of an enormous range of products from moisturisers, sun blocks, anti-ageing lotions to liquid make up, hair styling and colouring

A large fraction of the phosphatidylcholine components of surfactant is Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, which account for 70-80% of the surfactant lipid layer (Holm et al. 1996). Holm et al. determined that Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is a disaturated phospholipid that has a liquid crystal transition temperature of 41* C - 42*C and exists in a rigid gel phase at body temperature which decrease

up of a phospholipid bilayer which contains 75% phospholipids, about 20% cholesterol and 5% glycolipids. Phospholipids are amphipathic which means they contain both polar and non-polar parts, these are their polar heads and non-polar tails. The lipid bilayer is like a sandwich in which the polar heads are the bread of the sandwich and one slice of bread faces the extracellular fluid and the other faces the cytosol. The non-polar tails are like the contents inside of the sandwich.

(Tuckers, L. A., & Friedman, G. M., 1990) found out, people who engage in exercises such as walking on a regular basis will tend to have lower blood cholesterol as compared to people without regular exercise. (Lipid profile) also suggest that people living in urban cities are getting more inactive and less fit. In addition, due to technology advancement, devices such as electronic scooters, bikes, hover boards, are very popular among people as it brings convenience

The cell membrane can be seen as the doorway in and out of a cell. The functions of the cell membrane are to help in the active and passive transport of substances across it, provides (to a certain degree) a mechanical support to the cell, helps maintain the cell’s shape and can act as a receptor for certain extracellular materials(eg. Hormaones) and thus maintains the specificity of the particular cell type. Structure: The structure of the membrane consists of a phospholipid

evolution of prokaryotes. The lipid bilayer [figure 4] is organised in distinct regions primarily because of the hydrophobic effect caused by the amphipathic nature of these molecules. In order to reduce the contact of the nonpolar regions with the aqueous environment, lipid molecules arrange themselves in a manner so that the hydrophobic tails point towards each other and the hydrophilic polar head groups are exposed on the outside facing the aqueous environment. These lipids also form structures called

their external environment,” (Tortora 60). Many different proteins are located all throughout the plasma membrane. Some float around freely and others are stationary in specific locations. For example, integral proteins extend all the way through the lipid bilayer and go further into the interior of the cell. This makes them transmembrane proteins due to the fact that they go all the way

Osmosis is the diffusion of water entering and leaving cells to keep a balance of concentration and water between the cell and environment. The process of osmosis constantly occurring in a cell and is critical for the cells in animals and plants for survival. Factors that influence the rate of osmosis are temperature, molecular size, pressure, and concentration gradient. These variables can increase or decrease the rate which osmosis occurs. If a cell takes in too much water through osmosis, it can

The Transport of Substances Across the Plasma Membrane The plasma membrane or, the cell surface membrane, is made almost entirely of protein and lipid. The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of a cell. It is partially permeable so some substances cross more easily than others. The lipids found in the membrane are known as phospholipids. Phospholipids are fat derivatives in which one fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group and

up of a lipid bilayer which is broken down even more to fatty acid chains, proteins, and cholesterol. The lipids of the bilayer are aphipathic, which means that they have hydrophilic polar heads pointing out and the hydrophobic portion forming the core (Gwen 2001). Within the bilayer, proteins are embedded. These proteins may sometimes pass through the bilayer, or they may be inserted at the cytoplasmic or exterior face. The fluid characteristics of the cell membrane come from this lipid bilayer