Lipid peroxidation

endogenous anti-oxidative small molecules also play very important roles in defending against oxidative stress, especially in extracellular space that the enzymes are absent or in very low levels [73]. Small-molecule anti-oxidant can be water-soluble or lipid-soluble, these molecules include glutathione, vitamin E and C (inhibits

PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids), which are abundant in brain, are most susceptible to oxidative injury and this self perpetuating destruction of PUFAs is known as lipid peroxidation [2]. Reactive oxygen compounds such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) do not directly react with DNA [3] but instead crosses the nuclear membrane and reacts with ions of iron or copper to form highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (OH.) which in turn reacts

reacts very rapidly with oxygen to yield a highly reactive trichloromethyl peroxy radical (CCl3OO•). Both radicals are capable of binding to proteins or lipids, or abstracting a hydrogen atom from an unsaturated lipid, thus, initiating lipid peroxidation (Halliwell, and Gutteridge, 1990; Williams, and Burk, 1990; Lee, and Jeong, 2002). Lipid peroxidation may cause peroxidative tissue damage in inflammation, cancer, aging, ulcer, cirrhosis, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, inhibition of the cytochrome P450-dependent

In the present study, the MDA level was measured as an index of lipid peroxidation in order to observe the effect of caffeine on the oxidative stress induced by AlCl3 in cortex, hippocampus and striatum brain areas. Brain tissues are more vulnerable to oxidative stress other than tissues for many reasons such as high oxygen consumption (more than 20% of the total inspired oxygen), the presence of abundant amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids which are susceptible to free radicals attack, low antioxidant

quenching lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant status through free radical scavenging mechanism and having the potential of protecting endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. (Panneerselvam Janani et al). Bacoside A co-treatment has been able to enhance the antioxidant enzymes to near normal when compared to tumor bearing rats. Hence, bacoside A exhibits its chemopreventive effects against DEN-induced carcinoma by decreasing the level of lipid peroxidation and enhancing

4. Discussion 4.1 Chilling injury index We previously reported that a 15-d period of cold storage at 5 °C was enough to develop CI symptoms in mature-green tomato fruit cv. Imperial (Vega-García et al., 2010). In agreement with those results, in the present study we observed CI symptoms after the fruit was stored 10 d at 5 °C, but they were more intense after 15 d of cold storage (Fig. 2). As expected, tomato fruit stored at 12 °C did not show CI symptoms (Malacrida et al., 2006; Bojórquez-Gálvez

of the pancreatic β cells and finally produced hyperglycemia. Several studies described that a significant increase in lipid peroxidation were noted in diabetic rats (Limaye et al., 2003). The present findings are in accordance also with previous report indicated significant increase in TBARS in STZ diabetic rats (Murugan and Pari, 2006). The lipid peroxidation may attribute to the hypoinsulinemia caused by STZ progressive deterioration of normal pancreatic β-cell function

Renal injury due to KBrO3 intoxication could be evaluated by assessment of serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid, which were used as early indicators of renal dysfunction [39].The significant increase in serum urea, creatinine and uric acid in the KBrO3 -treated rats indicate the development of renal dysfunction and reduced glomerular filtration rate. The increase in uric acid level also may be due to degradation of purines and pyrimidines which strongly related to the significant increase in xanthine

This first century of the third millennium has witnessed major switch in the framework of disease despite noticeable improvement of life expectancy; this period was distinguished by intense changes in diet and lifestyle which in turn have contributed to an outbreak of non-communicable diseases. Currently, public health services of developing countries are overstretched by growing demands to subsist with non-communicable disease (NCDs). Cardiovascular diseases are the main benefactor of worldwide

Isoproterenol (ISO) has been found to produce MI in large doses due to generation of highly cytotoxic free radicals, causing cardiac dysfunctions, increased lipid peroxidation, altered activities of cardiac enzymes and antioxidants, resulting in infarct like necrosis of the heart muscle (Li et al., 2012). We found that the treatment with A. tricolor ameliorated the oxidative stresses; inflammation in heart of ISO treated ovariectomized rats. In our study, identical set of changes were observed in