Lipid

Christian Ramirez Bionanotechnology 12/18/14 Review of Magnetotactic Bacteria and Magnetosomes Magnetotactic bacteria are a group of prokaryotes of varying morphologies. The morphologies include coccoid, helical, multicellular, rod-shaped, and vibriod1. Magnetotactic bacteria were first discovered by Salvatore Bellini in 1963 2. The commonality of all members of magnetotactic bacteria is that they passively orient and swim along the geomagnetic field by means of a method called magnetotaxis. The

Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to test for sugars, starches, proteins, and lipids. Background information: Biological macromolecules are the large molecules necessary for life. There are four different types of macromolecules which include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each macromolecule has a specific function like providing energy or simply insulation. Macromolecules are made from monomers which come together through dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis to create the

disparities with the management of lipid lowering medication therapy. Women are not being as aggressively treated as their male counterparts, despite the higher baseline levels of LDL cholesterol. In Addition, women are not as likely to continue the lipid lowering therapy in the long term due possibly to the side effects of continued therapy. Providers need to increase their awareness of the cardiovascular risks of women, including addressing the barriers of assessment, lipid screening, and targeted therapies

membrane is a very complex structure that allows the cell to perform the basic functions that are necessary for life. The cell membrane is selectively permeable because of its structure. Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer. These lipids are amphipathic meaning that they contain both a hydrophilic (attracted to water) and hydrophobic (repelled by water) region. The cell membrane maintains its structure by orienting itself so the hydrophilic

cubo-octahedral, elongated prismatic, and rectangular (Yan). Although there is some variation in the morphology of magnetosomes, the morphology is consistent within a single magnetotactic species or strain (Bazylinski 1994). Magnetosomes are surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane that is 3-4 nm thick (Bazylinksi 2004). MORE *Talk about size of magnetosome, how they line in a row, dipole moments Synthesis of Magnetosomes As stated before, iron sulphide magnetosomes are not well researched. Consequently, very

Osmosis is the diffusion of water entering and leaving cells to keep a balance of concentration and water between the cell and environment. The process of osmosis constantly occurring in a cell and is critical for the cells in animals and plants for survival. Factors that influence the rate of osmosis are temperature, molecular size, pressure, and concentration gradient. These variables can increase or decrease the rate which osmosis occurs. If a cell takes in too much water through osmosis, it can

Lipids are a major source of energy and provide essential lipid nutrients. In many food products the lipid component plays a major role in determining the overall characteristics, such, as flavour, texture, mouthfeel and appearance (Ross & Smith, 2006). However, fats, oils and lipid-based products deteriorate during heat processing, distribution and long term storage. The chemical deterioration is as a result of lipid oxidation. In some chesses, a limited amount of lipid oxidation is desirable for

Macromolecules rely on their environment for proper folding of their respective three- dimensional structure.10 This makes intuitive sense since the exterior, which is polar, is making contact to a polar solvent, like the cytoplasm that provide hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and conceal the nonpolar residues away from the polar solvent.10 The body has a stable pH and temperature that proteins take advantage to form amazing functional complexes. They can catalyze reactions as enzymes

with the concentration gradient but have to use a protein to pass through the membrane. Osmosis, however, is the diffusion of water molecules across the membrane, but the water molecules also need to pass through a protein because the inside of the lipid bilayer consists of hydrophobic tails. The purpose

Introduction Nanotechnology is a recently developed technique to produce nanoparticles. According to the definition from British Standards Institution, nanotechnology refers to the intentional design, characterization, production and applications of materials, structures, devices and systems by controlling their size and shape in the nanoscale range1. Nanotechnology covers versatile applications, such as medicine. Nanomedicine is defined as the field of medicine that aims to use the properties and