Luciferase

Abstract: Optogenetics has been used to show that activating a specific ensemble of hippocampal neurons that contribute to a memory engram can erase or even alter a memory. The purpose of the study was to use optogenetics and the addition of an external stimuli to try and create a false memory. Neurons of mice were labeled with a light-sensitive channel during the exploration of a safe room. Mice were then placed in a new room and given foot shocks while simultaneously using light pulses to activate

monitored using UV-fluorescent imaging of ethidium bromide-labeled bacteria. Thereafter, aggregate size distribution was measured using a T3 Cellometer. In addition, qRT-PCR was utilized for the amplification of the LAC strains, while luciferase reporter gene fusion constructs were made via plasmid amplifications. Polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) detection from strain LAC was achieved with immunoblotting techniques, which were previously used in analogous studies. The researchers

RNA GQ structures in cap-independent translation initiation. RNA G-quadruplex (GQ) is a secondary structure that can act as both necessary elements of translation and as translation repressors.1-3 The role of GQ structures in translational modulation depends on the context in which the GQ structure is present.4 However, it is well established that these structures mostly inhibit translation.2,5-7 In fact, rational introduction of GQ structures specifically downregulate the expression of targeted

the DNA. Binding of the regulatory protein activates transcription which results in the production of mRNA product which is then translated to protein product. Type III secretion systems are needle like proteins that span the inner and outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria with T3SS use the needle to penetrate other bacteria, and then secrete proteins from their bacterial cytoplasm into the cytoplasm of the host. b. What might this regulatory system look like (use Vibrio

Researchers used luciferase on fireflies to study this mechanism. The result showed some significant results about how this “clock gene” affect behaviors. With enough enzyme, researchers can repress the DNA at the clock gene and completely change the behavior of any animal

Imagine you’re out camping in a pitch black forest. The moon is hidden by the canopy of trees and you’ve left your lantern back in the tent. There is no way to see where you are going and panic begins to set. When all of a sudden the ground around you begins to glow and visibility has returned. What is the cause of this phenomenon? To whom or what should you be thankful for? This is known as bioluminescence, a feature that causes eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms to illuminate. This is a rare

The antagonistic effect of glutamine on Azide – 1 mediated light production was tested by increasing the glutamine concentration from 0.1 to 5mM. The results show a dose – dependent inhibition of BLI signal by L – glutamine in HT1080 – luc2 and HepG2 – luc2 cells. This reduction confirms the signal obtained by Azide – 1 was due to the competitive interference with glutamine uptake. However, a fall in the light intensity could not be observed in 4T1 – RLR cells. This outcome does not mean that Azide

Insects rely on chemistry to survive. Ants use pheromones to communicate, fireflies have complex chemical reactions in their bodies to achieve bioluminescence, bees use chemistry in making their honey - their food source, and their wax. The bombardier beetle creates a scalding hot liquid to attack and defend itself, and the insects in the embioptera order spin silk to create large common nests. Insects are always using chemistry to survive. Supersocieties could not function without communication

Faculty of Pharmacy Pharmacology Department Assignment Topic: Bioassay of androgenic hormones Course Title: Bioassay Course Code: PO411 Lab Group: A1 Submitted to: Dr Mona Prepared by: Rahma Ahmed Ahmed - 141191 Due date: 10-27-2016 - Fall 2016 - Androgen Bioassays Introduction: During the recent decades, athletes were trying to enhance their performance by using exogenous hormones such as; androgens, erythropoietin and growth hormone. The most potent form of sports steroids is the Androgens

An example of this is a DNA construct with a primer located at -909 bp to -421 bp from the TSS. This specific region acts as an inhibitor, and we know this to be true because once it was removed, luciferase activity increased. These locations on the genomic DNA suggest possible sequences that, like mentioned before, are likely to be involved in regulating ITGB6 transcription. This leads to the next experiment used, which is called promoter deletion