Lymphocyte

Lymphocytes, one of the main types of cell in the immune system, take part in the function of the immune system. They are made from stem cells in the bone marrow. After the lymphocytes are developed they undergo a second stage. The second stage of development is when they gain their antigen-specific receptors. The many functions of the lymphocyte allows them to respond to invaders in the body, also known as antigens. Lymphocytes destroy antigens in order to avoid infection. Lymphocytes may work with

Naïve B lymphocytes express two classes of membrane bound antibodies, IgM and IgD that function as the receptor for antigens. These naïve B cells are activated by antigens. The activation of B lymphocytes results in the proliferation of antigen- specific cells, also called clonal expansion and their differentiation into effector cells that actively secrete antibodies. During their differentiation, some B cells may begin to produce antibodies of different heavy chain classes (or isotypes). This process

Subjects The study subject was divided into 4 groups. Group I: 21 patients with hepatic schistosomiasis (12 male and 9 females). Group II: 18 patients with HCV infection (10 male and 8 females). Group III: 23 patients with concomitant hepatic schistosomiasis and HCV infections (13 male and 10 females). Group IV: 20 healthy individuals as controls (12 male and 8 females). Full history taking including contact with water canal water were collected from the study subject Abdominal ultrasound Ultrasonography

are the tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, and spleen (Thompson, G., 2015). The thymus and bone marrow are primary lymphatic structures that are involved in the formation and maturation of lymphocytes. The tonsils, lymph nodes, and spleen are all secondary structures that house both lymphocytes and other immune cells after their formation. (BIOLOGY TEXTBOOK) There are two different sections of the immune system: innate immunity, and adaptive

Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is an adult onset progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by various degrees of Parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and failure of the autonomic nervous system. MSA is classified as a α-synucleinopathy, a subset of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the CNS (Fellner et al., 2011; MartÌ et al., 2003). In MSA, α-syn aggregates appear primarily as glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in oligodendrocytes

Humans such as us alike cannot live in a world without a highly effective defense system that helps us to resist against infections and toxins caused by microorganisms. The immune system is a complex network of consorting cells, tissues and organs that defend the body from pathogens and other harmful substances. This essential complex consists of two subsections : the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system.  Microorganisms that enter a living organism encounters the effective mechanisms

Results A total of 100 subjects were included in this study, including 50 patients presenting with B-CLL, and 50 healthy subjects as a control group matched in age and sex. They were 75% male and 25% female for CLL group,and 70% male and 30% female for control group.The mean of age (in years) for B-CLL patients and healthy subjects was 63.65±9.23and 62.21±6.12, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between patients and control group as regarding age and sex(P>0.05)

A T-Cell fights of bacteria in the immune system to help the human run right. On the inside if the T-Cell they don’t have anything out of the normal. And T-Cell is short for T lymphocyte cell. But the problem they can be good or bad for you they can make you sick too. But if they don’t fight of the bacteria them your cells will be in danger. The structure on the inside of the T-Cell is like a regular cell structure. It has a nucleus, Golgi body, Mitochondria, Cell membrane, Vacuole, Lysosome, E

Count the WBCs on a differential counter to one hundred. The basophils will look deep blue or black granules, the nucleus is sometime hidden behind granules, lymphocytes look slightly larger than RBCs, also lymphocytes are nearly round nucleus and fills most of the cell in smaller lymphocytes (Martin). Monocytes are the largest WBC, there nucleus is round, kidney-shaped or lobed (Martin). Eosinophils nucleus is usually blobbed, and it is a reddish granules. The neutrophils

Introduction When foreign antigens enter the body, chemical signals are dispatched to different parts of the immune system and send it into action.  B lymphocytes produce the antigen specific antibodies.  The antibodies will then attach to the antigen/virus and T lymphocytes will attack the antigen that the antibody has bound itself to.  Once the antigen has been eliminated phagocytes, which are cells that absorb bacteria and other small particles/substances, will come through and absorb the remains