Mass transfer coefficient

increase in the use of the stirred tank bioreactors. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) is often used to compare the efficiency of the bioreactors and as an important scale-up factor. It characterizes the oxygen mass transfer in stirred tank bioreactors. In the present work, a mathematical and statistical approach was adopted to study the effects of the various experimental variables on volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a 1 L stirred tank bioreactor. Air/water system is used for this

The traditional mass-transfer equipment has been known to have several disadvantages such as flooding, weeping, entrainment, channeling, etc. Further, the above mentioned operational problems were in addition to the technical scale up problems that were faced while the installation

Introduction Hot stamping (HS) is an advanced manufacturing technology which processes high strength part like steel at high temperatures by forging and treated by rapid-cooling rate in dies. By using hot stamping process can save a large number of equipment fees and get a good performance, for it combines forming and hardening processes in one step. As the high strength material has very good formability at high temperatures, it is achievable that complex shapes can be formed in one single operation

Heat transfer fluids (HTFs) has diversified applications such as chemical processing, concentrated solar power, HVAC system, pharmaceutical processing, plastics processing, system maintenance, and geothermal plant, etc. Enhancing thermophysical properties of HTFs by dispersing nanoparticles on the base fluid which is called nanofluids was first investigated by Choi [1], and nanofluids already have shown heat transfer enhancement [2]. The concept of nanofluids can be applied for other HTFs. Ionic

Purpose: The objective of this lab is to find the heat transfer coefficient for the double pipes heat exchanger in order to determine the best configuration for the double pipes heat exchanger. There are 4 possible configuration of the double pipes heat exhangers Cocurrent with variable flowate of cold stream while keeping hot stream flowrate constant. Cocurrent with variable flowrate of hot stream while keeping cold stream flowrate constant. Counter current with variable flowrate of cold stream

Integrated Circuits) structures. The challenge is to design a most optimized and efficient heat exchangers, by keeping reduced mass and dimensions of the existing heat exchangers and also keep same cooling fans, instead to re-invent the cooling devices. This paper proposes a new design of a heatsink to address such thermal challenges with the laminar forced convective heat transfer on a

The liquid in the wick and the open vapour corridor is separated by a vapour-liquid interface, which is found in the inner surface of the wick. Heat pipe characteristics are dependent upon size, shape, material construction, working fluid and heat transfer rate. The operational characteristic of a heat pipe is defined by heat boundaries, effective thermal conductivity and temperature difference. Nanofluids are used in heat pipes in order enhance the thermal efficiency of the heat pipe and they are

equipments that have a restricted working temperature(Tmax = 50[◦C]). Substrate Heat Transfer Analysis ,this study focuses on the effect(temperature perturbations) on the substrate temperature at different position and diameters of the

for gas/ liquid separation which have many advantages over conventional direct gas/ liquid techniques such as spray towers and packed/tray columns [6]. In this process, two phases gas phase and an absorbent solvent come into direct contact for mass transfer without the dispersion of one phase into the other due to the presence of the

the intake pressure. This increases the amount of residual gases. The problem of dilution by residual gases becomes more pronounced at low loads and idling because the exhaust temperature reduces with decreasing load, i.e., the density and hence mass of the residual gases increase. The amount of fresh charge brought in during idling is much less than that during full throttle operation. The presence of exhaust gas tends to obstruct the contact of fuel and air particles a requirement necessary