Median lethal dose

Phlomis Younghusbandii Mukerjee is a perennial herb (family Labiatae) and grows wildly in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. It has been widely used to treat colds, coughs, sores ulceration, rheumatoid arthritis, pneumonia, bronchitis and other diseases for thousands years. In this paper, 5 iridoid glycosides (sesamoside, shanzhiside methylester, 7, 8-dehydropenstemoside, penstemoside and 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methylester) and 3 phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside, alyssonoside, and isoacteoside) in

Animal experimentation causes tremendous harm and suffering to otherwise innocent animals. The cruelty level on testing ranges from food and water deprivation, to cosmetic purposes, to burning and chemical exposures, to injections of diseases they would have otherwise never contracted on their own, to purposeful death of an animal or groups of animals to see how it would take place or how much an animal can withstand before termination (Humane Society International). The Silver Spring Monkeys is

Mekhla Singh December 7 2015 Period 3 Ene/European Literature Is Animal Testing Essential for Humanity? Around the world, animal testing has been a controversy for many years. In the cosmetic and medical industry, doctors claim that animal testing is essential for life and solves many issues. Although animal testing may have helped the cosmetics industry and has provided opportunities, this form of experimenting has not been imperative to humanity. Even though animal testing has been

Almost every type of human or animal cell can be grown in the laboratory. Animal experiments for cosmetics and household products continue even though non-animal tests are widely available. Instead of measuring how long it takes a chemical to burn the cornea of a rabbit’s eye, manufacturers can now drop that chemical onto cornea-like 3D tissue structures produced from human cells. Likewise, human skin cultures can be grown and purchased for skin irritation testing. Scientists have managed to coax

Speech: Animal Testing Introduction: Rows of rabbits wait in cages, their heads tightly clamped in stocks to prevent movement. The lower lids of the rabbits’ eyes are pulled back. Technicians drip nail polish remover, mascara, shampoo, and astringent into their eyes, where the chemicals stay for three to 21 days. The chemicals burn and often blind the animals. Rabbits’ sensitive corneas make excellent subjects for this procedure—called the Draize test—because they cannot cry to wash away the

Animal Cruelty The topic of animal cruelty is one of great importance to the wold today. Why we humans have the right reserved to treat animals as lesser individuals is beyond me. Animals are fulfilling their part in the ecosystems and communities of the earth, and to the best extent that they are able. For example, a spider is being the best possible spider that it can be, spinning webs and working diligently at what it knows best, not bothering any creatures of the earth besides the ones which

times of great physical pain and suffering. Although physician aid in dying is already legal in five states, I believe that it should be legal in the remainder of the states in the United States. While I know that the thought of a doctor prescribing a lethal dosage of a medication to help a patient to take their life can be disturbing to some people it should not be illegal. If that were the case eventually it could be illegal to get tattoos or have hair cuts that may be disturbing to some people. The

TCL, and LDLO. LD50 stands for lethal dose. A group of animals is given the maximum amount of the product until 50% of the animals are killed. MTD stands for Maximum Tolerated Dose. In this test, the largest amount of product an animal is able to tolerate for an extended amount of time is determined. TCL stands for Toxic Concentration Low. This test determines the lowest amount of liquid, gas, or vapor that a toxic effect can be produced. LDLO, standing for Lethal Dose Low, is a test in which the product

LD50 or the lethal dose of 50%, is the amount of a chemical which kills 50% of the population of a test species (used in toxicity evaluations) exposed to that. The EPA study used IC50 toxicity data of selected chemicals towards HeLa cell lines to predict their in-vivo (LD50) toxicity values. IC50 is an index of the toxicity of a substance defined as the concentration of that chemical which have inhibitory effects on the growth of the 50% of the test population. HeLa cell used in this study is an

World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the median lethal concentration (LC50) for any molluscicidal material must not surpass (100 ppm) (WHO, 1993). The present results showed that, match 5%EC (Lufenuron 5% EC) was toxic to B. alexandrina snails at LC50 2.04 mg/l (Table 1). The internal defense system of molluscs is comprised of cellular and humoral components (Le Clec’h et al., 2016). Thus, the immune response is carried out by circulating hemocytes and soluble hemolymph factors (Fried