Meningoencephalitis

headaches. The headaches eventually worsened, and he was left with no brain function until his death on August 30. The amoeba Michael encountered was Naegleria fowleri, a single-celled organism that causes the brain infection primary amebic meningoencephalitis or PAM. The amoeba is usually found in warm, fresh water sources such as lakes, rivers and ponds, and while it is very rare (only 133 cases have been reported in the last 53 years) it often tends to be very fatal (only 3 people have survived

hydrophobic (SH) protein, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, and large (L) protein (Choi, 2010). Mumps was a common worldwide childhood disease dating back to the 5th century B.C. prior to vaccination. It was the leading cause of viral meningoencephalitis in the United States. It was an epidemic disease with cycles every 4 to 5 years. Mumps only known host is humans. A vaccination was introduced in the U.S. in 1967. At the time of introduction there was some 150,000 active cases of mumps. Since

occurs through contact with saliva or mucus from the mouth, nose or throat. The symptoms of mumps include malaise, myalgia, headache, mild fever, and anorexia and possible complications include aseptic meningitis, pancreatitis, oophoritis, meningoencephalitis, and deafness (White et. al, 2012). The risks of vaccination could lead to rash, fever, diarrhea, nausea, and reactions such as, pain, swelling or redness (Sørup et. al, 2014). Rubella virus is much smaller than measles and mumps and is usually

fish or other water-dwelling organisms, but they have been known to infiltrate the human body via the nasal cavity. Once within the body, naegleria fowleri attack the human nervous system and brain. This process is called ‘Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis’ and although such infections are rare, contraction almost always guarantees death. The case fatality rate is over 95%. Once the disease has been contracted, the subject will most likely be dead within five days. The longest running bout of

Signs and symptoms of tick-borne disease Tick borne diseases affect humans and other animals are caused by infected agents that are transmitted by tick bites. These agents are very harmful as they carry various infections as a single tick can carry more than one disease causing agent. Proper diagnosis is not available for tick borne diseases. Ticks are more active during warmer months. Area surrounded by woods, bushes, high grass, or leaf litter are likely to have more ticks. Wearing light clothing

at the time of the onset of the disease. Common symptoms are: motor deficits, altered state of consciousness, visual disturbances and ataxia. However, there are also atypical manifestations that include cerebellar syndrome, meningitis, and meningoencephalitis, progressive myoclonic ataxia, muscular degeneration associated with signs extrapyramidal (Fig.). It is a progressive disease and leads to death within a few months where the patient is in permanent immunodeficiency conditions. The average

There is an incubation period of three to fourteen days. Individuals who become infected with the West Nile virus do not usually present with any symptoms, but can have flu-like symptoms, or more severe cases will have signs of encephalitis, meningoencephalitis or meningitis. There are no current vaccines available and is now a major public health concern in Europe. The West Nile virus (WNV) made its appearance in the United Stated in 1999, New York City, and is now in 44 states, as well as District

fowleri is a thermophillic ameba (a single-celled organism) of the . History: In the United States, since 1962, 143 people have been infected by N. fowleri, also known as the “brain-eating amoeba”; 139 of those have died due to primary amebic meningoencephalitis, or PAM, the disease caused by this deadly pathogen. Virulence factors of the causative agent: Much like the spores produced by bacteria, when conditions for survival are strenuous, N. fowleri can go into a dormant state known as a cyst

Toxocariasis is one of the most unappreciated parasitic diseases in which millions of people in the United States are exposed to unknowingly on a daily basis. The disease is caused by accidental transmission of roundworms from the GI tract of canines and felines, Toxocara cani and Toxocara cati, to humans with children being the most likely to become infected causing blindness, organ failure, and even death. Often, the people who at the greatest risk are children who become infected by playing in

Congenital rubella infection, or CRI, manifests itself as the following transient signs and symptoms: bone lesions, hepatitis, neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura, meningoencephalitis. In addition to that, some sequelae that are late-emerging with the disease include progressive rubella panencephalitis and diabetes mellitus, added on to the heart disease, mental retardation, cataracts, and deafness as defined in the past