Mental retardation

birth weight, failure to thrive, small head circumference, facial abnormalities and epilepsy. The effects of FAS can be long-lasting. Children who have FAS are more likely to develop mental retardation. In fact, FAS is the top cause of mental retardation in children. Children with FAS are at a greater risk for mental problems. They are also more likely to have problems in

characteristic abnormalities, are collectively called Fetal alcohol Syndrome. Ethanol exposure to the fetus causes various malformation ranging from the cellular to the organismic levels with the eventual results frequently being different levels of mental retardation (3). Chick embryo studies provide a relatively good model for defining the effects of ethanol at many organizational levels of neurogenesis, cell death, neuronal migration and differentiation,

variety of medical disorders embracing the inherited mental retardation, mood instability, behavioural quirks, learning difficulties, epilepsy, repetitive rituals and autism (Hagerman, 2006). Classically, three distinct syndromes share the mutations in FMR1 gene: (i) The fragile X syndrome (FXS, MIM 309550). It is an X-linked dominant disorder with early onset, with diminished penetrance and prevailing cause of inherited mental retardation (Garber et al., 2008). Other disabilities appear sometimes

During 1720-1750, there was a limited amount of control on the production and selling of gin in England due to Parliament. This resulted in an increase in alcohol intake. During this period, fetal and infant death rates were at it highest [1]. The medical society did not believe consumption of alcohol was the cause of the high rise in birth defects at the time. With the repeal of the prohibition on alcohol in 1933, doctors believed it had beneficial effects to the point of intravenous treatments

Challenging behavior is the term emphasizes that the behaviors constitute a challenge to other people to find effective ways of responding to them. It underlines the idea that the person is not seen as problematic in them. Rather, the problem lies in the interaction between the person, their behavior and their social environment. Some examples of challenging behavior are destructiveness, self-injury, and stereotypes mannerisms and so on. Aggression is one of the challenging behaviors. Aggressive

In the story Flowers for Algeron by Daniel Keyes, Charlie Gordon has a learning deficiency that can only be described as mental retardation. He is 37 years old, who is impelled to become smarter. Sadly, on his own it is unattainable. With the IQ of 68, he has many difficulties ranging from being unable to formulate proper sentences, write words with the correct spelling, and being unable to be aware of his surrounding, resulting in him being extremely naive. Charlie has an opportunity, given to

can inflict serious, permanent physical and mental damage on her child. When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol she is making her child drink also. In knowing how Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can be prevented, what the symptoms are, and who and what make up the risk factors fetal alcohol syndrome can be better understood. The National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome states "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the name given to a group of physical and mental birth defects that are the direct result

categories: conducting, acting, wielding and personal, and increased effectiveness in these categories can produce a enriching education process for students when complemented with verbal aspects of a classroom, even for students who have learning or mental disabilities, specifically students with down syndrome. It is easy to observe that a teacher's nonverbal communication skills are a basic and important component of teaching much like verbal communication, and varying effectiveness can help or hinder

Lynaugh (1989) case. During this time, mental retardation was not ostracized but was gradually being viewed as the disability it was. Inclusive communities were being built around those affected by mental retardation, and fewer children were being diagnosed due to an increase in early age intervention. However, what qualified as mentally retarded was not, in Sandra Day O’Connor’s

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of mental, physical, and behavioral defects that may develop in the unborn child when its mother drinks during pregnancy. These defects occur primarily during the first trimester when the teratogenic effects of the alcohol have the greatest effect on the developing organs. The symptoms associated with FAS have been observed for many centuries, but it was not until 1968 that Lemoine and his associates formally described these