Muscle biopsy

This study is about multiple mitochondrial alterations in myopathy. The case study was a 50 year old African-American woman that had complaints of progressive weakness in her legs, so severe she need the help of a walker. Three years prior to this she reported her left foot slapping on the ground, both legs were week however the left was weaker. Other than this, no other symptoms were present, such as dysphagia, diplopia, dysarthria, or weakness in her arms. According to following test arm strength

Myotonic Dystrophy is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. It is a chronic, multi-system disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. Symptoms include; myotonia (prolonged muscle contractions), the inability to relax certain muscles after use, slurred speech, temporary locking of jaw, cataracts, abnormalities of the electrical signals that control the heartbeat, and early balding and infertility in men. There are two major types of myotonic dystrophy, type 1 and

Hypotonia is decreased muscle tone. Muscle tone is the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle while at rest. Muscle tone is different from muscle strength, which is how much force a muscle can apply. Often, a person with hypotonia will also have weak muscles. Hypotonic infants are referred to as “floppy” infants because of their abnormally limp bodies and lack of control over their movements. Hypotonia can be a short-term condition, such as when a baby is born prematurely, or a lifelong

to the disease, ending his career. A-myo-trophic derives from the Greek language. “A” means no. “Myo” refers to muscle. “Trophic” means nourishment. All together it means “no muscle nourishment. When a muscle doesn’t get any nourishment, it wastes away, or atrophies. The word lateral pinpoints in the areas of the spinal cord where portions of nerve cells that control and signal muscles are located. As this area begins to deteriorate, it leads to scarring, sclerosis, in the area. But what exactly

Muscular Dystrophy Causes/Risk Factors: Genetics is a key factor in potentially developing a form of muscular dystrophy, as it is caused by a gene that protects muscle fibers suddenly becoming defective. However, this particular genetic mutation can abruptly occur while an embryo is still developing in the egg of the mother. Muscular dystrophy can occur in an individual of any age, sex, or race. The most common form of MD diagnosed, Dechenne, is most often found in males of a youg age. However

was caused by a degeneration of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. During the 1860s, Duchenne de Boulogne assessed and described the progressive muscle weakness within 13 boys. Using an instrument that Guillaume, himself had developed, he was able to remove portions of tissue found deep within the body which assisted with the discovery of biopsy practices. Prior to the 1980s, there was minimum knowledge relating to the causes of muscular dystrophy. However, in 1986, researchers discovered a

are in a wheelchair as the trunk muscles being to weaken leading to scoliosis and kyphosis. Eventually the diaphragm begins to weaken and young men with Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy will need assistance with breathing through the use of a ventilator (Naff, C. 2012). According to the 1st Edition of Perspectives on Disease and Disorders Muscular Dystrophy by the age of eighteen most young men would have experienced a cardio myopathy (weakening or the heart muscle) (Naff, C. 2012). Duchenne’s muscular

diseases passed down through genes identified by progressive degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles.(Alicia Foose,PhD, Patricia Ardovino,PhD,2008, p.141). This occurs due to mixture of hypertrophy, atrophy, and necrosis muscle cells. The muscle fibers increase in muscle size and results in muscle weakness while the muscle undergoes necrosis, fat and connective tissue replace the muscle fibers.(Sheila Grossman, Carol Mattson Porth,p.461).There are nine types of muscular dystrophy according

neurodegenerative disease. The nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord stop functioning properly, leading to malnourished muscles, muscle atrophy, loss of motor function, and eventually death (ALS Association, 2016). ALS stands for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which basically means “no muscle nourishment” in the lateral aspects of the spine where some nerve cells that control the muscles are located (ALS Association, 2016). Symptoms of ALS vary between different people, just the same as any other disease

McArdle 's Syndrome is a muscle metabolism disorder that is caused by a deficiency of the glycogen enzyme muscle phosphorylase (Quinlivan). Muscle phosphorylase is the enzyme that breaks down glycogen during glycolysis. Without this enzyme, the body has a difficult time going through anaerobic glycolysis and can cause an individual to experience intense muscle pains. It is estimated that 1 in every 100,000 people will get McArdle 's Syndrome (Haller). McArdle 's Syndrome is a genetic disorder, so