Myelin

progressive damage to nerve cells in the brain. Leukodystrophies disrupt the growth or maintenance of the myelin sheath, which is the covering that protects nerves and promotes the efficient transmission of nerve impulses. Recent research has indicated that the cells in the brain responsible for making myelin sheaths, known as oligodendrocytes, cannot properly complete this critical developmental task. Myelin sheaths are the fatty covering that act as insulators around nerve fibres in the brain, as well as

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that affects roughly 400,000 people in the United States (Hunter, 2016) but isn’t very well understood on a cellular level quite yet. There is somewhat of a stigma surrounding the disease as well, as if it is a ticket to life in a wheelchair or an early grave. On the contrary, symptoms and progression vary greatly among individuals and even at different stages for each patient. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of MS, what

Krabbe’s disease has many signs and symptoms. There are three stages of this condition in infantile form. Stage 1: The infant is seemingly normal and healthy for the first couple months after birth. However during early onset of this disease, the child has signs of incoordination, vomiting, irritability, unexplained fevers and stiff posture. Initial symptoms that may occur are seizures (Wenger 2000). There is slight developmental regression and behavioral abnormalities, in particular, displaying

Marigold Kotey 12/03/15 Case Study #4: Wearing on Her Nerves Dr. Fundaro Part I 1. What components of the nervous system are involved in physical sensation? How does sensory impulse move throughout the body? The components of the nervous system that are involved in the physical sensation is the peripheral nervous system, which is divided into two groups they are, sensory and motor divisions. The sensory impulse moves through the body by stimulating a receptor in the skin, and it goes through the

Multiple sclerosis is a neuroinflammatory disease that affects myelin, a substance that makes up the myelin sheath, and wraps around nerve fibers or axons. Myelin is necessary for proper functioning of the nervous system. Myelinated axons are commonly called white matter. MS also damages nerve cell bodies which are found in gray matter, as well as the axons themselves in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. (4) As the disease makes progress the brain’s cortex shrinks. Multiple sclerosis refers

system, or CNS, and it is a chronic inflammatory disorder. MS is a disease that involves the immune system attacking the CNS. They myelin that covers and protects the nerve fibers is damaged, as well as the nerve fibers themselves. They myelin that is damaged forms scar tissue know as sclerosis. This is where the name of the disease came from. When the nerve fibers or myelin is damaged, the nerve fibers that travel to and from the spinal cord are distorted or interrupted this is why there is a variety

abundant cells in the central nervous system. Types of glial cells include oligodendrocytes, which have processes that form the myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers, astrocytes the most abundant CNS neuroglia, ependymal cells that line cerebrospinal fluid cavities, microglia cells that are the defensive cells in the CNS, schwann cells and satellite cells, which form myelin sheaths around CNS never fibers. Why might

The term Glia is Greek in origin and means glue, this symbolic relationship between Glia’s name, and its function becomes ever more apparent when we learn that Glia cells secure the brain’s neurons together and protects them. Glial cells are crucial to the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis and contribute to almost all forms of homeostasis, such as regulating capillary flow, maintaining the blood brain barrier, extracellular respiration, and can even provide lactate to the neurons for energy

central nervous system by interfering with the growth and nourishment of the myelin sheath. Myelin sheath shields nerve fibers and promotes rapid transmission of nerve impulses. If myelin is not properly nurtured, the transmission of nerve impulses can become disrupted causing serious impairment of nervous system functions. Although a majority of cases with early onset exhibit a distinct deficiency in the formation of myelin, white matter defects are sometimes not detected in cases accompanying later

projections. Once thought to play a subpar role to neurons, glial cells are now recognized as responsible for much greater functions. There are many types of glial cells, including: oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes. Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the CNS, by wrapping themselves around the axons of neurons. Their PNS counterpart, Schwann cells, are also considered glial cells. This sheath insulates the axon and increases the speed of transmission, analogous to the coating on electrical