Nerves

Introduction Nerve injury is not fatal but can severely impact quality of life. Peripheral nerve injuries occur in an estimated 2-3% of all patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center (1) and are commonly caused by trauma to the upper limbs. The economic impact of nerve injuries can be large with operative costs, hospital charges, rehabilitation visits, and lost time at work. Only subtle improvements to peripheral nerve repair have been made recently, and our current knowledge of nerve physiology

The Anterior Thoracic Nerves 1 is part of the thoracic region in the spinal nerve that originates thoracic vertebrae 1 (T1). When T1 is not functional and there is limited activity in the upper extremity, it causes a debilitating condition called scapular winging. The muscles affected are serratus anterior, trapezius, and rhomboids. Loss of function of the Anterior Thoracic Nerves 1 would affect the antagonist muscles of Shoulder Medial Rotation (Serratus anterior, Trapezius, and Rhomboids), not

A Review on Peripheral Nerve Injury Abstract Peripheral nerve injury(PNI) may result in a injury with a gap in the nerve or without gap. It is a largescale problem and is known to affect 2.8% of trauma patients. Unlike CNS, spontaneous regeneration may occur if the injury is small. Although for a deeper injury the regeneration might be partial or may not occur at all. These types of injuries are treated by surgeries using autografts or artificial nerve guidance conduits. Despite, major advancements

The sciatic nerve is the one of the largest nerves in the human body. It is the major nerve of the lower limb and its approximately 2 cm wide (Savastrano). The sciatic nerve originates in the nerve roots of L4-S3, which begins in the lower back. The nerve then branches off down to the gluteal region and then down to the lower limb. One of its main functions is supply a pathway that provides a connection to the nervous system for all the sensory input that comes from the skin and muscles of the leg

Cranial Nerves The human body is a unique and fascinating entity. There is not much notice taken of the features the human body is capable of. The brain is necessary to perform day-to-day actions, such as the ability to speak, and see amongst us. This brain is made up of simple mater (Pia mater, Arachnoid mater, Dura mater) and the cranial surface to protect the brain. We live our daily lives without acknowledging the importance of this organ, the brain, unless you’re a medical student of

Introduction The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is one of the twelve major nerves, known as the ninth paired cranial nerve, it is a nerve that varies on both efferent motor and afferent sensory information. Most cranial nerves originate from the medulla, and branches off to their respective anatomical areas where they function. This cranial nerve is a general mixed nerve that innervates the oropharynx, some parts of the ear cavity and one-third of the tongue for taste sensation, while at the same

Stimulation Recording in Frog Sciatic Nerve Methods: Dissection of the Gastrocnemius Muscle and the Sciatic Nerve In this experiment the frog sciatic nerve was used; the frogs were carefully handled and deeply anesthetized in order to be permanently unconscious. Pithing was used to destroy the brain pain center making the frog insensitive to pain. The gastrocnemius muscle was dissected and the sciatic nerve was carefully removed. The frog ringer solution was prepared. The ingredients used included

The sciatic nerve is a large nerve that originates from the distal spinal cord and extends along nearly the entire length of the hind limb, it is formed from the lower segments of the spinal cord; it is made up from the lumbar and sacral nerve roots from the spine and consists of a bundle of nerve fibers each of which is the axon of a neuron, whose cell body is in the spinal cord. As with other nerves in the vertebrate body, the sciatic nerve is comprised of the axons of hundreds of neurons. Axons

consists of two portions, the central and peripheral systems. Each of the nerves running in the nerve system is made up of fibers and each one is capable of generating an action potential (1). An action potential, also called a nerve impulse, is a rapid, all-or-none electrical signal that allows long distance signaling in the nervous system (2). The speeds at which these signals are sent are affected by myelination. A nerve that is unmyelinated, is slower than one that is myelinated because it acts

Normative ulnar nerve conduction study; comparison of two measurements methods Introduction Ulnar neuropathy is one of the most common entrapment neuropathis. It is mainly presented with weakness of ulnar innervated muscles and parasthesis of the 4th and 5th digits(1). The first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) are the two muscles which frequently impaired .The neuropathy has a heteregenoues clinical presentation based on different involvement of fascicles within the