Neurobiological

It has been agreed in the literature that memories can generally be defined in terms of time (Nader, Schafe & LeDoux, 2000). Memory is sensitive to disruption soon after learning as it is in a labile state of short-term memory (STM). Conversely, memory enters a stable form and is less sensitive to such disruptions in long-term memory (LTM) at a later stage after learning (Nader et al.). Research has argued that the process in which labile new memories transform into stable long-lasting memories is

Are Mental States Irreducible To Neurobiological States? Today I’ll be discussing Patricia Smith Churchland’s Are Mental States Irreducible to Neurobiological States. According to The Norton Introduction to Philosophy, “[Churchland] is known for her work connecting neuroscience and traditional philosophical topics such as consciousness, the self, free will and ethics” (T.N.I.P, 424). Terms needed to understand the material: 1. Qualia- also known as “qualitative character of experiences,

executive functions involved. The two dimensions of anxiety that the paper specifically focused on were anxious apprehension and anxious arousal. According to the paper, these two factors have helped to bridge the gap between psychological and neurobiological models of anxiety. The study of neuroscience, which is in its relative infancy, has also led to many changes in our understanding of psychological diagnosis and disorders. This new field, however, has also resulted in many unanswered questions

Neurobiological Mechanisms for Alcoholism While alcohol could well be considered the most socially acceptable psychoactive drug in our society, the dangers of alcohol abuse and addiction are well known. However, not everyone who uses, or even abuses, alcohol will actually become an alcoholic who is physically dependent on the drug. Not all of the mechanisms that cause one to become addicted to alcohol have been clarified. However, there seem to be two main reasons for alcohol addiction. One

Neurobiological Perspectives on Autism Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, along with severe impairments in reciprocal social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and cognitive development (1,2,3). If the brain is responsible for behavior then it should follow that disordered autistic behaviors should be explainable in terms of brain abnormalities and disordered neurobiological processes. While

Personality: a Neurobiological Model of Extraversion Underlying the question of whether brain equals behavior is the possibility that one's personality may be understood on a neurobiological level. Personality affects how a person will behave in certain situations. Peoples' attitudes towards their environments, their dispositions, personal preferences and dislikes all help determine their everyday actions. If behavior is controlled by the nervous system, these factors which make up a person's

Phantom Limbs: A Neurobiological Explanation Severely injuring a digit or limb can result in unrepentant damage and amputation. However, the painful sensations experienced in regard to that limb do not necessarily cease after amputation. The concept of feeling sensations in a limb that is no longer attached to the body is referred to as feeling a "phantom limb." This phenomenon is experienced by approximately 80%-100% of all patients who have lost a limb (1), and has therefore sparked wide interest

The Neurobiological Factors Associated with Depression Depression is a mood disorder that affects approximately ten percent of men and nearly twenty-five percent of women at least once in their lifetime (1). There are several types of clinical depression, such as unipolar depression and bipolar depression. Unipolar depression consists of primarily depressive states while bipolar depression involves a fluctuation between states of depression and mania (2). Some of the most common symptoms of

Maxine’s Case Biological/ Neurobiological Components It is evident from Maxine’s case that she has suffered a traumatic life full of grief and loss that has led her to live a life of PTSD. She exudes the classic symptoms presented in the DSM V, cognitive: forgetfulness, attention problems, and poor concentration, affective: irritability, mood swings, increased aggression, withdrawal/avoidance, and behavioral: hypervigilance, and sleep problems (Finney, 2016). Research confirms that PTSD has an

Neurobiological and Biological Relationships to Major Depressive Disorder Biological and neurobiological studies have become more and more closely correlated with mental disorders throughout the past decade of scientific progress. This paper aims to expound models that have contributed to our developing understanding of the origins of Major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment guidance, from both neurobiological and biological fields. It will also explore the implications, both positive and negative