Neurogenesis

During normal development of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), neural stem cells (NSC) give rise to neurons via process of neurogenesis (Kempermann et al., 2004; Zhao et al., 2008). Neurogenesis normally occurs in dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus and lateral ventricle of sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) (Zhao et al., 2008). Hippocampal neurogenesis plays pivotal role in neurologic and psychiatric disorder like epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia and mood disorders (Antonova et al

as well as other genetic, epigenetic, and environment factors. It has also advanced our understanding of embryonic neurogenesis as well as resolved some of the controversy in adult neurogenesis. In this review several of the identified intrinsic and extrinsic factors that determine the fate of neural stem cells will be discussed. The role of neural stem cells in embryonic neurogenesis will be reviewed as well as what current research has hypothesized is the function of adult neural stem cells in the

play a vital role in scientific development in years to come. In the spectrum of these cells is GDF11. GDF11 will, at some point, be clinically administered to humans, and it thought to have the power to slow Alzheimer’s and increase rate of neurogenesis. This research builds on centuries of conjectures that the blood of youths contains agents which might replenish that of an elder. When the first para-biotic test was administered with this purpose in the 1950's by Clive McCay, they found that

Out of the Blue: Six Non-medication Strategies for Relieving Depression In the 2016 video, “Out of the Blue: Six Non-medication Strategies for Relieving Depression” Bill O’Hanlon said that in his research he discovered that since 1997 depression the rates of depression have radically increased 300%. As counselors, depressed individual make up a large portion of the clients we typically see and depending on the client depression can be challenging to treat. Medications can often help some client

Introduction Every day we naturally lose skin and blood cells throughout our body; however, these cells are replaced through the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells found in pools throughout our bodies. Stem cells are found in most adult mammalian tissues, where they maintain normal tissue homeostasis and participate in tissue repair and regeneration in response to damage (Lui & Rando 2011). The physiological process of aging may be the result of stem cell loss and a decline in the homeostatic

Did you know that your brain can change over time? Today, there is a concept going around about mindsets and how your brain can grow. All that you have been hearing is true. You can grow your brain and you can change your mindset. Some people think that you were born with a fixed set of talents and abilities that can not be changed. But, in reality, everyone and anyone can change by just doing simple things. If you have a growth mindset, you are more likely to improve and succeed then if you

contrary. In all organisms with neural systems, neurogenesis undoubtedly happens during the developmental stage right from conception. Although first presented in the 1960’s, the idea of “Adult Neurogenesis” - the generation of new fully functional neurons from neural stem cells in adults - didn’t really catch on till the 80’s and 90’s. This was mostly due to development of better scientific methods by which to actually prove that neurogenesis happens. But since then, it has grown into one of the

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disorder that is characterized by degeneration of the hippocampal and cortical neurons of the brain – causing memory impairment and a decline in cognitive abilities. The current study by Ghoneim et al.1 focuses on the role of three proteins in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling is important for development and maintenance of normal neuronal circuits in the brain. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is expressed by astrocytes

Stem cell aging is still a controversial topic among scientists. One of the most popular explanations of stem cell aging is defined by the decrease in ability to proliferate or self-renew. Cell regulation mechanisms that have been related to aging are senescence and apoptosis. Leading evidence has identified the relationship between p16INK4a, a tumor suppressor protein, and aging in neural stem cells. Neural stem cells regenerate neurons and glial cells as required by the organisms, but an increase

Neurogenesis of Autism Molecular switching on/off due to genetic mutation is one of the causes of developing Autism. In a new study, neurogenesis mechanism which increases the risk of development the autistic spectrum disorder has been explored. UBE3A gene encoded an enzyme in human named Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A. Changes in this gene may cause different neurodevelopmental disorders including Autism and Angelman syndrome. Autism is a genetically heterogeneous disorder associated with synaptic