Neurogenesis

DHEA is the most abundant circulating endogenous steroid hormone in the human body; it is a precursor to other steroids such as androgen, and estrogen sex steroids. DHEA is synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system (i.e- adrenal glands, gonads and the brain). It is also a neuroactive steroid which acts on the nervous system. DHEA and its sulfate ester DHEAS are produced in the brain and the adrenal gland, brain DHEA acts locally while adrenal DHEA acts systemically. DHEA is one of

will withdraw while other dendrites continue branching (Killgore et al., 2013). The processes driving the reshaping of the brain are neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Neuroplasticity is the brain’s lifelong ability to rewire neural connections to compensate for diseases and injuries or in response to changes in the environment, whereas neurogenesis is the ability to create new neurons and neural connections. This dynamic process of remodeling gray matter is determined mainly by a person’s genetics

Generation of pattern and diversity in Central Nervous System Central nervous system (CNS) is composed of brain and the spinal cord. Neurons constitute a major part of the developing CNS. An axon is an extension of a neuron. The brain grows as a swelling at the front (rostal) end of the neural tube and later leads to become a spinal cord (1,2). Development of the CNS involves many complex mechanisms beginning at the onset of transformation of a single layer of ectodermal cells, the neuroectoderm

Sexual experience promotes adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus despite an initial elevation in stress hormones Introduction: Structural plasticity in the hippocampus is sensitive to a wide range of negative experiences, many of which appear to have substantial effects throughout the lifespan. Stressors and aversive experiences activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and ultimately increase glucocorticoid levels which adversely influences numerous aspects of hippocampal structure

What makes one individual different from the other? Many have attempted to answer this question- from ancient philosophers and theologists to modern day scientists. Regardless of whether the individual concerned is a cell or a whole organism, the answer is said to lie in the nature vs. nurture debate. Thus arose another, related question- How do individuals with extremely similar blueprints develop an astounding amount of differences? Biological research attempting to settle the debate for once and

Many researches indicated that exercise have impact on mental disorders such as depression. Depression is a common problem that affects many people’s lives directly or indirectly, through their family members or friends. This paper will introduce the definition of exercise and depression, what the influence that exercise have on depression, biological supportive reason, under what circumstance the treatment have the best influence and the negative effects on certain condition. The term "exercise"

The hippocampus is part of the Limbic System (Wright, n.d.). According to Wright, the hippocampus formation is found in the temporal lobe of the brain. The study of the hippocampus is vital in understanding how it governs human behaviors. As perceived, the brain is a complex machine and through understanding its crucial parts in the processing of information would give a clear understanding and precautions to people on how to protect their brain from memory loss and other similar diseases. In addition

that involved 7 days of forced running on treadmill.[4] The dentate gyrus is the part of hippocampus where new neurons are made and cognitive skills are developed. BNDF instigates neural growth and inhibits the death of neural cells. The rate of neurogenesis is greater after exercise as the levels of BNDF was higher in the rats that underwent the exercise programme than in the rats from the control group. An increase in the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP) after exercise was also noted.

Most of the time when exercise is being performed it is perceived that it’s because we need to get healthy, or stay healthy. When the word healthy comes to mind the first instinct is to think of the health of the body, to lose weight, tone the muscles, increase strength. Today there is a big focus on exercise for its many benefits that have been found in recent years. Focuses are on weight, diet, and reducing the risk of disease in the future. This is true, we need exercise too keep the body systems

depression. The reason that food has such a high effect on depression is that food goes through the stomach and there are neurotransmitter and signaling pathways in the stomach which modulate brain functions like appetite, sleep, energy intake, neurogenesis, reward mechanisms, cognitive function and mood. Each of these aspects needs the other in order to have a healthy balance. All of the foods one eats have a positive and negative influence on the body. A major negative influence that occurs is depression