Non-state actor

study of state affairs. A state is a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a certain geographical territory. Other traditional thinkers such as Paul Janet and Jelineck also defined political science is a study of state affairs only. This means that man, the government and their relationship are studied. This is political science state centered. The authority and influence over society is held in the state alone

population of white non-slave owners in the Confederacy. These men would have had no fear of losing their slaves, and thus suffering financially, so why did so many of them support secession? Why support a cause when there are no apparent benefits? In this case study, I will attempt the answer that question, exploring the nature of Confederate

as a robustness check, the test was also run with the inclusion of potentially confounding variables. These include bilateral trade relationships, military disputes, existing climate coalitions, existing trade coalitions, and other linkages between states. There are eight main results that are derived from this model and exercising it under varying conditions. First, conditional commitments play a key role in increasing membership and without them universal membership hinges on many enthusiastic

Funding and Support Determine Rebel Engagement Understanding the relationship between state and society pre-conflict crucial in determining how rebel groups decide on their level of engagement with civilians. If the RCD and M23 act as “quasi-state(s)” in somewhere like the eastern Congo, we must again look at the relationship between state and society before the conflict began. Young (2004) notes that the Congolese state during the colonial period had a strategy on revenue accumulation based around the

would not be permissible in domestic law for Victor to take Adam’s baby daughter Beth and launch an attack on her to make Adam stop. Beth here is analogous to a non-combatant in war protected by JiB conventions. So is it ever justified to loosen moral constraints in the area of warfare which would uniquely allow political entities such as states to wage war or carry out acts in contravention of Walzer’s war convention? If Adam and Victor were political entities, not individuals, could Beth ever be a

The widespread adoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) brings new ideas about instructional content, teaching and learning, and curriculum sequencing and organization to classrooms across the United States. The standards differ notably from previous state standards, particularly in mathematics (Cobb & Jackson, 2011; Porter, McMaken, Hwang, & Yang, 2011; Schmidt & Houang, 2012). During times of reform, schools and districts often turn to professional development (PD) providers to support

Realism and Liberalism are two significant and dominant theories in global politics. Both have contrasting ideas when dealing with how states should relate to each other in the field of international relation. In today’s world order, most causes of states’ actions can be labelled along either of these two theories. Realists consider states as being the principal actors in the international arena, who are often concerned about their security, act in pursuit of their own national interests and struggle

(UNFCCC), the first step of the international community in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The Convention enjoys near universal membership, participated by 195 states. By considering global warming as a multilateral issue that knows no territorial boundaries, the treaty asks the cooperation of the participating states in combating the issue. The framework, although a very significant step in mitigating global warming, failed to accomplish its targets because of its inadequate

measuring and comparing the behavior of states is flawed. Morality is a preference, not a requirement to govern in the international anarchic system, Kennan argues. Ethics and justice in the international system are measured by how states satisfy varying moral requirements. These moral requirements are defined by a variety of schools of thought, including: Realists, Morality of States theorists, and Cosmopolitans. Realists may validate some action where morality of state theorists and cosmopolitans are fundamentally

develop from the bottom-up and form new types of power relations in and around the state (Nelson, 2000; Bartoli, 2002) demonstrates that non-state actors also have the ability to create different types of social linkages and alternative economic spaces. For post-development scholars like Escobar (1992) and Rahnema (1997), pluralistic social movements that respond to the concerns of local communities are the type of actors that can shift development studies from imperialist domination to the good life