Nucleophilic aromatic substitution

Experiment #1 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenze Name: Anouk Deck-Leger Student I.D: 9380868 Date performed: September 13th, 2010 Due Date: September 20th, 2010 Introduction: The company DNCB produces large amounts of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and they sell this product to treat against warts and severe and chronic hair loss. It can also be used as an alternative treatment for HIV. The supervisor notices an excess amount of m-aminobenzoic acid stored away which

benzoate was treated with concentrated Nitric and Sulfuric acid to yield methyl m-nitrobenzoate. The product was then isolated and recrystallized using methanol. This reaction is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, in which the nitro group replaces a proton of the aromatic ring. Following recrystallization, melting point and infrared were used to identify and characterize the product of the reaction. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize methyl nitrobenzoate

Aromaticity and reactions of pyridine Introduction Pyridine is a nitrogen containing aromatic analogue of benzene. The N in pyridine is sigma bonded to two atoms and has a lone pair, and is therefore sp2 hybridized. This leaves one electron in an unhybridized p orbital, which contributes to the system, making a total of 6, and therefore an aromatic molecule (5 x C-H contribute 5 electrons, N contributes 1, = 6, 4N+2). The lone pair on the N is in an sp2 orbital, which means it is directed away

Cyclopropenyl cation (1), the smallest hydrocarbon molecule is a centro-symmetric molecule with a D_3h symmetry. It’s the simplest aromatic species demonstrating aromatic features linked to the delocalization of the two π electrons. It follows the Hückel’s rule, (4n+2) π electron with n = 0. Aromaticity cannot directly be experimentally measured. However, various methods were performed such as computational studies from the Schleyer group^1, which address the energy, structural changes and magnetic

Objective The objective of the experiment was to prepare a yield of tert-butylchloride through a unimolecular (SN1) nucleophilic substitution reaction. Procedure Part A- Preparation of tert-Butyl Chloride • A test tube was acquired, and 7 mL of concentrated HCl were added to this test tube through a graduated cylinder, this was done in the fume hood in order to avoid any noxious fumes from the sample, which were observed when pouring in the concentrated HCl. After adding the HCl, a glass pipet

Introduction The disassociation of acids in a solution are important when choosing the best nucleophile to proceed with a nucleophilic substitution. A nucleophile is best described as a chemical that can give away a pair of electrons to a certain electrophile, and produce a pi bond. Nucleophiles are stronger as conjugate bases. When a stronger nucleophile is presented, a faster reaction is observed. Depending on the reaction needed, the nucleophile selection is based on various factors. If the

The purposes of this experiment were to model a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction between potassium hydroxide (KOH) with 1-bromopropane and determine whether it follows a second-order rate law mechanism. A rate constant of 0.0684 M-1 min-1 was obtained for this reaction at 45.1°C, which was determined through equilibrating the reaction and performing titrations of 0.390 M KOH with 0.1000 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). The activation energy calculated from class data was 50.188 kJ/mol, which

benzene through the exchange of one ring carbon for a nitrogen but, is pyridine which is structurally and electronically allied to benzene, also aromatic?. Pyridine is aromatic based on the following facts. The protons of pyridine show chemical shifts in the NMR spectrum that are ordinary of aromatic protons. Furthermore, electrophilic substitutions at pyridine are possible. The nitrogen of pyridine is sp2-hybridized and possesses one lone electron pair. This electron pair is located in an sp2

Using various alcohols, the substitution reactions (Sn2 and Sn) were utilized by helping with which functional groups reacted, in which way. Developing a mechanism for the alcohols are discussed. This journal inspects the substitution reactions occurring in the alcohol-containing compounds. When a substitution reaction transpires, it substitutes one sigma (σ) bond with another sigma (σ) bond. In substitution reactions, there are two types that are focused when working with organic molecules, Sn1

Quite clearly, protecting groups and the protocols for their installation and removal should be designed to avoid various side reactions. Nucleobases undergo substitution reactions with electrophilic reagents. For example, both N- and O-alkylation of the imide and lactam groups occur with alkylating agents. The N7 position of purines is also a potential site for electrophilic attack (Figure 2.1.5). Because of these