Olfactory receptor neuron

) Due to hypothalamus stimulation, Laila will feel hungry. Two regions of hypothalamus will contribute towards the hunger of Laila, which are the lateral and paraventricular hypothalamus. These regions have been correlated with receptors for certain chemical messengers that signal hunger, especially ghrelin and leptin. Lateral Hypothalamus is the region of the brain associated with hunger recognition. Laila’s body will recognize hunger due to the stimulation of lateral hypothalamus (lateral nuclei)

sensory stimuli. The mushroom body (MB), in insects, is responsible for memory formation and retrieval. When an olfactory

that extra boost of energy. Caffeine is a CNS stimulant drug known as trimethylamine. Caffeine is naturally found in chocolate, coffee, and tea. It is also added to drinks such as soda and energy drinks. Caffeine temporarily blocks the adenosine receptors in the brain. These nerve cells can’t sense adenosine in caffeine, therefore, they maintain their activity and keep us alert. Caffeine can affect our sleep. During the day we consume food which is

of pathogen avoidance using chemical signals, olfactory senses, and chemosensory neuron pathways as observed through chemotaxis. Our binary methodological studies on worm movement allowed us to further explore bacterial preference in both wild type and mutated C. elegans by exposing the worms to known worm pathogenic bacteria, Serratia marsescens, to control bacteria B. thuringiensis. The question being tested is whether a mutation in an odor-receptor gene, one of the few genes responsible for olfaction

why the resting membrane potential had the same value in the cell body and in the axon. -The resting membrane potential has the same value in the cell body and the axon because the typical resting membrane potential is the same throughout the entire neuron. 3. Describe what would happen to the resting membrane potential if the sodium-potassium transport pump was blocked. -If the potassium transport pump was blocked the leakage channels would still be open allowing Na+ to

Neurons or nerve cells come in all shapes and sizes however, they all do one thing. They transmit information the way electrical wires or optic cables carry information. Neurons form the necessary connection that makes the body “go”. Neurons consist primarily of two processes. One process is the dendrites, they receive information from other neurons. The other process is the axon and they send information or impulses out to other neurons, muscles or glands of the body. An unstimulated cell is called

These brain centres perceive odours and access memories to remind us about people, places, or events associated with these olfactory sensations. Our sense of taste works when the chemical substances responsible for the taste is freed in the mouth and comes into contact with a nerve cell. It activates the cell by changing specific proteins in the wall of the sensory cell. This

initiates a neural response. Our odorants act on more than just one receptor but does on different levels. Also, a single receptor will interact with more than just one different odorant on again many different levels. This means that each odorant has its own pattern on which it acts, this all being set up in the sensory neurons. From here the patterns of activity are then sent to the olfactory bulb. This is where the other neurons are then activated, done so to form a unique spatial map of the odor

system consist of receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain. The most recognize sensory are vision, hearing, taste, and smell. The sensory system is a component that is used to process sensory information. The receptors collect information that is called sensory information and it may lead to conscious awareness and when it does is called sensation. These receptors are called stimulus when this stimulus gives an electrical response is called stimulus transduction. The receptors are the peripheral

Hypothyroidism. The relationship is not really clear. Hypothyroidism can cause edema. MacKay-sims and Beard think Peripheral neuropathy may be a cause of olfactory disorders. Thyroxine is necessary for normal development of the Nervous System including the make of new olfactory receptor neuron. Hypothyroidism ruins the growth of the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory disorders are commonly caused by upper respiratory tract infections. It is unclear rather subjectively smell and taste is from primary hypothyroidism