Oligodendrocyte

recent research has shown that some may directly contribute to brain function. The types of neuroglia in the brain include: microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In addition to supporting and nourishing neurons, the microglia engulfs bacterial and cellular debris, astrocytes produce known as glial cell-derived growth factor, and the oligodendrocytes form myelin in the brain. The nervous system has three main functions: sensory input, integration of data and motor output. The nerves conduct impulses

Running head: UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A NEURON 1 UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE OF A NEURON AND EXAMINING THE INTERCOMMUNICATION OF NEURONS Natasha Melendez Nova Southeastern University UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION OF A NEURON 2 The proper functioning of the cells allow us to act, think, learn, remember and control complex behaviors. In order to understand how the brain performs these essential functions we must first understand the different components

and some lacking axonal and dendritic projections. Once thought to play a subpar role to neurons, glial cells are now recognized as responsible for much greater functions. There are many types of glial cells, including: oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes. Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the CNS, by wrapping themselves around the axons of neurons. Their PNS counterpart, Schwann cells, are also considered glial cells. This sheath insulates the axon and increases the speed of transmission

and support neurons. Because Gliomas often intermix with normal brain tissue, they are called intrinsic brain tumors. Gliomas show up in three different types of cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. Astrocytomas will be produced by an astrocyte, an oligodendroglioma will be produced by an oligodendrocyte and epedymomas will be produced by an ependymal cell. If there is a mixture of these cells, then it is called a mixed

dystrophy offsets in young and adolescent aged individuals. Multiple Sclerosis occurs as a result of demyelination of the axons within the central nervous system and neuronal loss.1 The immune system produces antibodies that attack oligodendrocytes. When the oligodendrocytes are destroyed, they produce patches of demyelination referred to as plaques.2 (p.41) These plaques are found in the white matter of the central nervous system. With the loss of myelination of neurons, the transmission of signals

After patches of myelin are taken off the axon, oligodendrocytes 'repair' the damage, but in the process cause scar tissue (gliotic plaques). These hard plaques then begin to interfere with the flow of electrical impulses that move through the axon (6).. In most cases, the disease is characterized by alternating

What Everyone Should Know About Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis is considered a nervous system disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. The disease remains a mystery to this day since there are no known specific causes. It can be seen that multiple sclerosis is more prevalent in women than in men between the ages of 20-40 (Bethesda 2015). While the disease is typically mild in most cases, some severe cases may result in the loss in the ability to speak, walk, and write. Common symptoms

The brain, which is the command center for the whole body must go through many changes in order to reach its full potential. To begin, the once the sperm fertilizes the egg it becomes a zygote. After that happens within 12 hours, the single cell begins to divide to form a mass of homogenous cells. After 3 days the divisions form a mass of cells that continually divide to form the blastocyst. Within 5 days the blastocyst would have migrated to the uterus and hatched and began to invade into the uterine

cuprizone feeding, which agrees with recent study by Tomas-Roig et al. (2016). Our data also demonstrate that linagliptin can induce OPC proliferation and differentiation, and enhance remyelination as indicated by increased Olig2 gene expression. Oligodendrocytes are the most vulnerable brain cells to oxidative stress due to its high metabolic demand for synthesizing myelin sheaths (Ichinose et al., 2014), and relatively low levels of antioxidants (Lassmann and Van Horssen, 2011). Accumulating evidence

Do Glial Cells Make You Clever? – Review Abstract Neuroscience research has largely dismissed glia as support cells with little input in higher function, however recent papers have concluded that astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) contribution to synaptic transmission, plasticity and long-term potentiation. Han, et al, 2013 proved that human astrocytes, when transplanted into mice, significantly enhanced learning behaviour, spatial learning, memory and discrimination; Han, et