Oligodendrocyte

undergo salutatory movement which accelerates its transmission. Myelination is completed by oligodendrocytes in CNS and neurolemmocytes in the PNS. 8) What are the scleroses in Multiple Sclerosis and where do they occur? How does this influence nerve transmission? Scleroses are scarring at myelinated sites caused by multiple inflammatory events as a consequence of one’s immune system cells attacking oligodendrocytes. If this fate continues long enough, loss of function can occur due to disruption of electric

Every year, there are approximately 12,500 new cases of spinal cord injury in the United States. Vehicle crashes are the leading causes of spinal cord injuries. The most frequent neurological damage sustained by such injuries is incomplete tetraplegia, followed by incomplete paraplegia. Researchers from Rush University Medical Center are studying a novel approach to treating these spinal cord injuries. The new therapy uses stem cells to treat the spinal cord within 14-30 days of the injury. The

What is a glial cell? Glial cell border neurons and provide support for insulation between them. Glial cells are the most abundant cell types in the central nervous system. Types of glial cells include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and satellite cells. The glial cells lie between the nerve cells and encircle the blood vessels. There are at least as many glial cells as there are nerve cells in the brain. Twenty years ago many scientists believed, glial cells were considered minor

MS is a debatable topic and still needs to be better understood. (1,3) . In histological assessments, both the myelin sheath and oligodendrocytes are damaged and attacked by cells of the immune system. Both, the humoural and cellular immune responses, are present. First a T cell phagocytic reaction by macrophages and targets the myelin sheath and oligodendrocytes. this is followed by the secretion of anti-myelin antibodies from B cells, opsonisation of the myelin sheath and activation of the complement

The primary target for the cerebral palsy is either white matter or gray matter in a brain. Injury to white matter termed as Periventricular leukomalacia that necessarily affects cerebral cortex and gray matter injury termed as Intraventricular germinal matrix hemorrhage involves the areas of cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. All of these regions play an important role in the motor control therefore, if there is any damage to respective areas motor deficits may take place (Folkerth, 2005). Periventricular

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically is diagnosed in the second or third decade of life. Normally, nerves are enclosed in myelin sheaths that help facilitate transmission of nerve impulses within the CNS and the peripheral nervous system throughout the body. In patients with MS, the myelin sheath is damaged and eventually degenerates, causing patches of scar tissue called plaques or lesions to occur anywhere randomly on

Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that has the potential to cause significant disability in those affected through the body's immune system attacking and destroying the myelin sheaths surrounding the axons. Myelin is rich in lipids and proteins that form layers around the nerve fibers and acts as insulation and protection. This damage to the myelin in the CNS, and to the actual nerve fibers, has the potential to block the

them in place; to supply nutrients to neurons; to insulate neurons electrically; to destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons; and to provide guidance cues directing the axons of neurons to their targets. A very important type of glial cell (oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system) generates layers of a fatty substance called myelin that wraps around axons and provides electrical insulation which allows them to transmit action potentials

The autonomic nervous system controls cardiac, smooth muscle and the glandular tissue. It is vital in emergency and nonemergency (rest /digest). It is responsible for nearly all voluntary muscle movements as well as for processing sensory information that arrives via external stimuli including hearing, touch, and sight. The autonomic nervous system contains 2 subdivisions which are the sympathetic and parasympathetic. The general action of the sympathetic nervous system is to mobilise the body’s

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and can be potentially disabling. It is a disease where the immune system attacks the nerve fibers and causes the nerves to deteriorate to a point where communication problems are created between the brain and the body. Alharbi (2015) notes that there is clear evidence linking lack of Vitamin D and the risk of getting MS. People who live closer to the equator are less likely to get MS compared to people who live further