Oligomer

Alzheimer’s disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in people over the age of 65, as determined by the (Center for Disease Control, 2015). The number of people living with AD is predicted to triple by 2050. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s rises exponentially with age. “Currently, verification of an AD diagnosis occurs through postmortem detection of pathology in neural tissue, specifically extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular

The role of amyloid-beta aggregation in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction, nutrient diffusion, and cellular homeostasis Abstract: The link between protein aggregation and the free radical theory of aging remains unresolved, and this proposal aims to determine whether protein aggregates, such as amyloid-beta (Aβ), cause mitochondrial dysfunction and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, these aggregates may create local regions of increased microviscosity and

that divide and create “beta amyloid which is toxic to neurons in the brain” (Myers). Amyloid plaques have “different rates of growth throughout neocortical and hippocampal regions” and are formed from the “oligomers of amyloid in the intracellular and extracellular space,” and when the oligomers accumulate they become “toxic and trigger the start of neurodegenerative processes,” which becomes Alzheimer’s disease (Fernandez-Enright). Amyloid plaque production itself is not the problem, because it is

INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease is a form of dementia that is nonreversible and develops over a period of years that affects mostly the elderly population. Alzheimer's disease can be mistaken for normal aging but personality and behavior changes sets Alzheimer's disease apart. Although Alzheimer's disease is considered an aged disease, it has been documented to affect people before the age of 65. This is termed early onset Alzheimer's disease which accounts for 5-10% of all Alzheimer's disease

Though the previous experiment does indicate that when a seed is inserted into a cell it can form amyloid fibers, it fails to include parameters that describe how these proteins are transferred between cells. In order for an infectious agent to become infectious it must have a method for not only leaving the host cell but also entering a non-infected cell. A study lead by Christian Münch set out to show the pathway that a prion like protein in an amyloid fiber can transfer between cells. The first

ABSTRACT: Copolymers of aniline and o-phenylenediamine / kaolinite composites were synthesized by 5:1 molar ratios of the respective monomers with different percentages of nanoclay via modified in situ chemical co-polymerization. The results were verified by measuring the FT-IR and UV-vis absorption spectra for PANI-o-PDA / kaolinite composites. The thermal behaviour of the copolymer and composites was studied. PANI-o-PDA / kaolinite composites were thermally more stable than pure copolymer. Surface

Introduction The advancement in technology has resulted in new and intriguing applications for the materials that in the past were considered inconceivable. This is evidenced in the rapidly emerging nanotechnology field. The distinctive size-dependent characteristics of substances on the scale of nanometer have led to their applications in various disciplines, for instance, solar cells, bio-imaging, drug delivery, wavelength-tunable lesser and catalysis. Nanometer-sized materials are materials

Memory loss is the most common symptom that impacts people as they age. Memory loss and behavioral changes are symptoms that are part of Alzheimer's disease. Alois Alzheimer had first discovered this memory loss disease in 1906. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease that worsens as people age. It is the most common dementia and it is affecting about 24 million people worldwide. Those numbers could be higher today because this prevalence was based on a 2011 scholarly article (Ballard et al

The polymer that I choose is polyethylene glycol (PEG). Polyethylene glycol is produced because of the interaction with ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol oligomers. Some cons of using polyethylene glycol are hypersensitivity, unexpected change in pharmacokinetic behavior, and toxic side products. PEG is also a laxative that can also be used to prepare the bowels before surgery. PEG is also used to slow the clearing of protein from the blood. This makes medicine last longer

disease is the ageing of the brain and related wear and tear such as head trauma and stress; collectively referred to as the “allostatic load” (Carroll, 2002). Furthermore, a greater emphasis has now been placed on the role of small, soluble amyloid oligomers which seem to be the cause of early cell dysfunction in AD, rather than the large, insoluble amyloid fibrils. (Ferreira, Vieira & De Felice, 2007). The development of transgenic animal models of AD has been used to further understand the neural mechanisms