Oocyte

PROCESSES USED IN GENETIC ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS The field of genetic engineering is comprised of multiple different subsets. Some of the specific research subsets of the field include gene therapy, genetic modification, genetic enhancement, and cloning. Gene therapy and genetic enhancement use similar processes to alter specific portions of the DNA, whereas cloning has a more specific method which is different in relation. The basic process of genetic modification will be used as an example

Development of germ cells from embryonic stem cells and pluripotent germ cells. The need to have children is one that outstrips almost all other desires in life; however, many biological and environmental issues have arisen to deny some of this natural opportunity afforded to many others. From this we have seen the rise of solutions such as assisted reproduction which affords the chance for people to experience child rearing and care however, it does not offer in most cases the opportunity for the

experiment, meiosis was observed during oogenesis, or formation of the egg, in the roundworm ascarsis. The process oogenesis begins with the diploid oogonium dividing mitotically to produce primary oocytes. Each primary oocyte completes meiosis I and creates a polar body and a secondary oocyte. The secondary oocyte undergoes meiosis II and creates a second polar body and an ovum. The ovum is then able to become fertilized. Since the diploid number of chromosomes is only four in Ascaris megalocephala,

All 32 mature oocytes were injected. Seven zygotes showed normal fertilization (22%) and one zygote showed pronuclear fertilization and 24 oocytes (75%) did not show any sign of fertilization. Most of the embryos had poor morphology before the embryo transfer, but there was at least one embryo available for transfer in each cycle….The forst for IVF cycles did ot result in a pregnancy. In the fifth IVF circle two oocytes were fertilized normally and one oocyte showed one pronuclear

One of the methodologies used in the process of genetic cloning is called somatic cell nuclear transfer. This method of genetic cloning involves a body (somatic) and an egg (enucleated oocyte) cell to create an embryo. An example of a successful case of genetic cloning with using this methodology is Dolly the Sheep. There are four main steps that are used in this method. The first step in the somatic cell nuclear transfer is that a body (somatic) cell is removed from a donor. The nucleus is extracted

Wellcome Trust Sir Henry Dale fellowship pre-application: Chih-Jen Lin Title: Acquisition of competence in the oocytes: epigenetic regulation of ribosomal RNA transcription. Background: The Oocyte, a highly differentiated cell type, has the remarkable capacity to reprogram cells (from sperm to even somatic cells) to that of totipotent embryonic cells. Understanding how oocyte-derived factors contribute to developmental competence will not only impact the fields of stem cell biology/cellular reprogramming

Toxicity of Melamine and its effect on animal and human.” Melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1, 2,5-triazine) is an organic base an important and widely used industrial chemical. The chemical properties of Melamine is described by appearance at room temperature whitish crystalline solid, solubility partially soluble in water at 20 , 50 and boiling point 3.1,13.4 and 25 g/l receptive, although it is insoluble in diethyl ether. Melting point of melamine is 357C and specific gravity is 1.573g/cm3. Also molecule

embryo (McGrath and Solter, 1984; Surani et al., 1984). The results of these experiments showed that if an oocyte devoid of its pronucleus is injected with either two oocytes or two sperm pronuclei and then implanted the resulting cellular development was the same as that observed in respective human germ cell tumors. Conversely when the empty oocyte was injected with the pronuclei from an oocyte and a sperm a normal embryo developed. While it may not be surprising that for the development of a viable

dehydroergosterol (DHE), a fluorescent analog of cholesterol which mimics its property, revealed that DHE accumulates mainly in the pharynx, nerve ring, excretory gland cell, as well as gut during the L1–L3 stages. During adulthood, DHE molecules accumulate in oocytes and sperms, which is not surprising because these cells need high levels of membrane components for the development and growth of embryos (Matyash et al., 2001). Little is known about the molecular mechanism of cholesterol transport and its

binding between FMRP and Cyclin E We hypothesize that FMRP interacts with Cyclin E mRNA. To investigate this, we propose to perform bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) in Xenopus oocytes. Xenopus oocytes have been previously used to demonstrate that FMRP binds to mRNA in the nucleus24. Xenopus oocytes are easily extracted from adult females and are tolerant of being injected with numerous RNA and DNA constructs. Furthermore, the amino acid sequence of Xenopus FMRP is more homologous to human