Oocyte

somatic cells. Vivid progression in the remedy of infertility will be possible with the transformation of germ cells from stem cells.The mechanism of differentiation of ES cells in vitro and in vivo are not well inferred due to limited number of oocytes available through donation programmes. Functional or mature gametes have fail to develop in vitro as germ cells do not develop beyond the earliest stage, persistently generating low number

would be no males for it to breed with, and therefore, will not be able to increase population of the extinct animal. The adult somatic cells were removed from the tissue, and was fused with oocytes, type of cell in ovary that undergoes meiosis to form an ovum, from goats. The nucleus was removed from the oocytes to extract all of the goat DNA, so not to tamper with the genetic make-up of the cloned

mtDNA before parturition. A number of procedures have been clinically tested to show a decreased risk of developing mtDNA disease, pronuclear transfer being one of the most recognised technique. This processes can be carried out before or after the oocyte is

nucleus to preform in a set way for embryonic development to occur. The first stage of SCNT involves the collection of a somatic cell using cumulus, fibroblasts, ovarian/ granulosa, marry, muscle, oviduct or uterine cells (Davies et al, 2003). An oocytes arrested at metaphase II is used for the reprograming of the somatic cell as it comprises the necessary components for starting and instructing early embryonic development. After collection

et al, 2015). Studies conducted by research groups in Oregon USA, who used the spindle transfer technique on rhesus monkey oocytes, successfully replaced the mitochondrial DNA in the primate’s oocytes resulting in the birth of three infant monkeys (Tachibana et al, 2009). However, a similar experiment was performed by the same research team in 2013, this time on human oocytes and the results indicated that 52 percent showed abnormalities (Tachibana et al, 2013). There are some ethical issues around

Roundworms are smooth-skinned, unsegmented worms with a long cylindrical body shape tapered at the ends. They include free-living and parasitic forms and have many different ecological roles. My research paper sheds light on roundworms and specifically Caenorhabditis elegans and the major studies done using this worm. C. elegans is a non-hazardous, non-pathogenic and non-parasitic organism. It is small and grows to about 1 mm in length. It lives in the soil in many parts of the world, where it

Even if the percentage for hormonal and gonadal abnormalities is more compared to chromosomal abnormalities in SA, cytogenetic investigation is a must. The percentage of total CA (16%) in SA of the present study will hold good with previous studies which vary from 5 – 33.3% and pure numerical abnormalities (45,X; 47,XXX) could not be observed (table 3). The CA observed was only X mosaicism in two of the studies (gupta, Butnarui) as compared to present study (16/43%). The percentage for X mosaicism

A little girl, who is yet to be named, was made using an embryo that was frozen 18 years before by a hospital in Shanghai. In 1988, The mother of the baby, named Huang Qiong who was 27 years old at the time had trouble getting pregnant as she had been diagnosed with blocked fallopian tubes and was undergoing fertility treatment. So Huang decided to have her embryo frozen. During those years, she experienced two failed frozen embryo transfers both times and had also failed one fresh embryo transfer

3 & 4) Two techniques have been used to preserve the fertility in female patients; they are oocyte cryopreservation and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Oocyte cryopreservation is where a harvested egg is extracted, frozen and then preserved (Imbert et al, 2014, p. 1938). In adolescent cancer patients, the required harvested egg can be a problem, for the earnestness to start cancer treatment. The oocytes are harvested by inserting a needle into the ovarian cortex and as a result of this; the process

ovary, and fallopian tubes. The ovary is located laterally left to uterus and inferior to the fallopian tubes. An ovary contains about two million follicles oocyte at birth. Majority will die off and few will matured throughout life cycle. The anterior pituitary gland secrete follicles stimulation hormones (FSH) in the blood, to mature oocyte in