Opportunistic infection

Professor Masi 2 December 2013 I. Introduction Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacillus enterobacterium coliform. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterium which is normally found in the human body, but several pathogenic strains cause infections in the human body. It is a nosocomial bacterium which is resistant to many common antibiotics. The antibiotic resistant strains are most common and cause the most concern. These strains are easily spread throughout extended stay hospital patients

Pneumocystis pneumonia is a potentially life-endangering disease caused by a fungal pathogen Pneumocystis jiroveci that is predominantly observed in immunocompromised individuals. This microorganism is the most common causative agent of opportunistic infections in patients presenting with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the developed countries. The exact name of the species that infects humans has been amended from Pneumocystis carinii to Pneumocystis jirovecii in order to differentiate

Enterobacter cloacae is a common Gram-negative bacterium. It belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic bacteria and has emerged as a nosocomial pathogen within the last decade.1 E. cloacae is more prominant within intensive care units, especially those patients who are on mechanical ventilation.1 Antibiotic-resistance is one of the well-known features of this microorganism.1 A trail was conducted to determine how exactly Enterobacter cloacae works in regards

1. Explain the three elements necessary to spread infection. The spread of infection requires three elements. The first is; A source of infecting microorganisms: This could be an exogenous infection which arises from microorganisms external to the individual and do not exist as normal flora. They usually have a preferred portal of entry like the gastrointestinal for Salmonella. Another source is endogenous infections which can occur when part of the client’s flora becomes altered

Gram-negative bacterium capable of surviving in a wide range of environments. It is an opportunistic pathogen and it is commonly associated with nosocomial infections and infections of severely burned individuals, and are a leading cause of death in severe respiratory infections1. In particular, P. aeruginosa is the leading cause of chronic pulmonary infections and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients2. Infections with P. aeruginosa are difficult to eradicate, due to their high levels of antibiotic

link for individuals whom are occupationally exposed to livestock and / or live in close proximity to livestock. Additionally, contaminated foods might further assist in transmission. A few examples include dairy from bovines have breast tissue infection, which, have been shown to transmit and infect bulk tank milk from dairy farms. This has the ability financially cripple dairy farms in most countries, as most dairy farms must dispose of all contaminated milk. Furthermore, slaughterhouse animals

inflammations. If AD is left untreated, the barrier function of the skin and the immune system are compromised, increasing susceptibility to dehydration and infection (Li et al, 2010). In general, AD does not require emergency treatment. However, patients suffering from AD may visit the emergency department for treatment of acute flares caused by bacterial infections and eczema herpeticum (EH), a form of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption, which results from the dissemination of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen and one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide [1]and causes a variety of infections especially in immunocompromised patients such as burned patients. Infections caused by P. aeruginosa are associated with significant morbidity and mortality [2, 3]. The organism exhibits a high level of intrinsic resistance and only a limited number of antimicrobial agents are active against it [4]. In addition, P. aeruginosa has acquired

is a gram positive bacterium responsible for over 10,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. C. difficile is an opportunistic pathogen that has progressively become antibiotic resistant in several strains. The bacterium strives in hosts currently taking antibiotics where there is no competition between commensal microbiota. Common known symptoms of C. difficile infections (CDIs) include diarrhea, fever, and toxic megacolon. Primary virulent factors of the bacterium currently being researched

particularly with relation to pneumonia and respiratory tract infections associated with it. This includes various approaches such as respiratory and circulatory support, oxygenation, and preservation of the patient's renal, hepatic and neurological functions, working to prevent opportunistic infections, hydration, and the use of