Ore

Bioleaching of Gold Ore Table of Contents Title Page i Table of Contents ii ABSTRACT iii 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2.1 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF BIOLEACHING 4-5 2.2 TYPES OF BIOLEACHING 5-7 2.3 GOLD ORES APPLICABLE TO BIOLEACHING 7 2.4 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL GOLD ORE TREATMENT 7-9 2.5 OPTOMIZING THE BIOLEACHING PROCESS 9-11 2.6 ADVANTAGES OF BIOLEACHING OF GOLD ORE 11 2.7

STRATEGY ANALYSIS FOR IRON ORE SEGMENT OF BHP BILLITON 1. Company background, BHP Billion, a merging cooperation of BHP and Billion in 2010 (BHP Billiton, 2011), is a world leading company in mining and resource exploiting. According to ASX data, BHP Billion has the largest business scales in the Australian market, AU$166 billion of market capital and AU$71 billion of annual operating revenue in FY13 (Australian Securities Exchange, 2014). Over 128,800 employees and contractors work in 26

Sciences help in mining of ores & minerals. • Geochemistry- helps to measure and identify properties/types of minerals in given environment. • Geography- provides with a correct location and information about land. • Geophysics- provides with information (e.g. temperature maps) about subsurface characteristics: geological structure, groundwater, impurities & human artifacts. • Economic Geology- shows the rates/cost of certain metals/minerals, gives predictions about lifetime of ores and their costs. •

blasting of ores to attain the minerals. During these operations great harm and damage is being done on the environment. The mining industry is by far the most influential industry with regards to setting a country’s economy in motion. Different mines extract different minerals from coal to diamond and gold. These resources are embedded within ores which have to be drilled and blasted to be extracted. After retracting the resources the waste rock and waste that is detached from the ore during processing

Gold, legends have been made about it especially the legend of El Dorado but maybe the city isn’t actually a city just a plot of land that has produced 40% of all the worlds gold ore. Witwatersrand Basin located in Johannesburg, South Africa has been called the richest gold field ever mined. In 1970 it produced 79% of the worlds gold output, but as a mineral that takes hundreds of years to produce it was mined out, by 2009 it produced less that 9%. Gold has been a sign of wealth since the earliest

to increase government revenue to help increase development of the country. Mining project starts with mineral ore exploitation and ends with post-closure period. Generally, each phase of its activity is influenced and associated with different environmental impacts. The first phase of mining is start with exploratory phase. During this phase, surveys are made and that include

Tin Tin is one of the oldest elements that has been used and mined by mankind. Tin is used as cans in the food industry, construction products, oil filter in the automobile industry, and miscellaneous applications, such as cookie pans, furnace filters, toys and bulletin board. The chemical symbol for tin is ‘Sn’ which originated from the latin word ‘Stannum’ which means tin in latin. After Britain was invaded by Anglo-Saxon, ‘Stannum’ was changed to ‘tin’ which we have been using until today. Tin

granophyre and a leuconorite to norite composition. The granophyre makes up 60% of the complex and the leuconorite and norite make up the remaining 40% (Figure 1b)(Barnes et. al., 2005). About 50% of the ore is found in the sublayer norite and the breccia that is associated with the norite. This ore is mainly disseminated sulphides. The massive sulphides are located in the center

In Libby, Montana, a corporation by the name of Zonolite used to mine vermiculite ore from years 1919 to 1990. Vermiculite was used in many households within Libby as well as across the United States. It’s is known to contain asbestos, which is harmful to the lungs and may cause malignant mesothelioma (1). In 1968, W.R. Grace took over the Zonolite company, being fully aware of the dangers that asbestos possess. He failed to acknowledge the workers at the Zonolite plant about asbestos. The workers

“that by the law of all mines of gold and silver within the realm, whether they be in the lands of the Queen, or of subjects, belong to the Queen by prerogative, with liberty to dig and carry away the ores thereof, and with other such incidents thereto as are necessary to be used for the getting of the ore.”[9] Under pressured circumstances, it proves that whether it's a monarch, a Parliament, or a Congress, the State is always in pursuit of money with which to make war. Not much has changed. The