Pacemaker Essay

Although heart has its own rhythm and natural electronics stimulation, pacemaker refers an artificial internal or external device that is implanted in to the chest to regulate and maintain hearts natural rhythm. In simple word pacemaker send impulse to heart chamber when weak signal of impulse generated by the heart SA node. My project was based on Rate-Responsive pacing systems. During the day body need different amount of oxygen in the body depending on the state of sleeping, exercise, sitting

impulse in the heart. The electrical activity spreads through the walls of the atria and causes them to contract. This forces blood into the ventricles, which sets the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat. A pacemaker is needed to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because the heart’s natural pacemaker – sinus node – is not fast enough or there is a block in the heart’s conduction system. As knowledge of the human body expanded a range of electrotherapeutic experimentations were conducted by pioneering

in the form of electrical signals in electrocardiogram. Normally the depolarisation of SA node present in the right atrium of the heart is helpful in determining the heart rate of a person. SA node i.e. the sino atrial node is called the natural pacemaker of the heart. The electrical signal produced by the SA node starts the first beat, it causes the atria to contract and then these signals arrive AV node which allows ventricles to contract causing the blood to flow throughout the body. The normal

TABLE OF CONTENTS Biomaterials 2 Advent 2 Advantages and disadvantages 3 Uses: 4 Disposal: 5 Their economics: 6 Biological materials 8 Advent 8 Advantages and disadvantages 9 Uses: 9 Disposal: 10 Their economics: 10 Nanomaterials 12 Advent 12 Advantages and disadvantages 12 Uses: 13 Disposal: 14 Their economics: 15 References: 17 BIOMATERIALS ADVENT One of the earliest uses of non-biological materials within the body was the wooden toe prosthetic in 1065-740BC in early Egypt. However, research

Corporation’s Cardiac Pacemaker Business The legacy of Medtronic Corporation, the company that created the cardiac pacemaker industry, is a proud one. Starting from its earliest pacemakers, which had to be carried outside the body, Medtronic had achieved dramatic improvements in the functionality, size and reliability of these devices. In so doing it had extended the lives, and improved the quality of life, for hundreds of thousands of people in whom pacemakers had been implanted. The pacemaker has been

Case Study 5—Coronary Artery Disease It is midmorning on the cardiac unit where you work, and you are getting a new patient. G.P., a 60- year-old retired businessman, is married and has 3 grown children. As you take his health history, he tells you that he began feeling changes in his heart rhythm about 10 days ago. He has hypertension and a 5-year history of angina pectoris. During the past week he has had more frequent episodes of midchest discomfort. The chest pain has awakened him from sleep

responsibility and duty to protect the rights of people who needed pacemakers at the same time as they balanced their fiduciary responsibility to the current company. They understood that "doing the right thing" did not have to be stupid, and that they could both do the right thing and do well for the company ("DO RIGHT" AND "DO WELL," rather than having to choose one or the other (Shanks, Thomas, 1966). So, they continued to sell to the pacemaker company. But they also instructed their engineers to develop

SA node’s signals are not successfully moving along their normal path to the ventricles. While a typical contractile cell in the myocardium has a resting membrane potential, a cell of the SA node is not fixed and is known as the pacemaker potential. SA Node Pacemaker Potential – The membrane potential spontaneously and gradually become more positive until threshold is reached. SA Node Threshold – This triggers rapid depolarization SA Node Depolarization – This sends the contraction signal on

Hopps unintentionally created the first pacemaker in 1949 after being recruited by Dr. John.C .Caligram and Dr.Wilfred.G .Bigalow.32 The challenge: to keep the heart beating while in surgery.33 The bulky external mechanism worked by using vacuum tubes to generate electrical pulses into an insulated wire inserted inside of the jugular vein.34 This allowed the device to deliver shocks to the right atrium and keep the heart beating mechanically.35 The pacemaker could also change the heart rate or even

impacting example of how technology has benefited humans is medical technology. The medical world has been largely affected by the development of machines including heart pacemakers, MRI machines and, antibiotics. All of which is considered advanced technology. Statistically stated in an article, “In 1993, there were about 121,300 pacemaker implantations