Packet

SUMMARY In this lab, we have set up switched LAN using two different switching devices i.e Switches and Hubs. Various performance metrics like throughput, collision count, traffic received, traffic sent and delay are analysed by implementing the network with and without switches. The network is then modified such that its maximum performance and efficiency is achieved. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this lab is to design a network with and without switches and examine the network’s parameters in

Since its advent the Internet has been making its way into very farfetched corners of the world, allowing people to virtually reduce distances. Now the Internet was based on a notion called IP (Internet Protocol), Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) to be exact. Now as the number of computer connected to the Internet grows, the amount of numbers in the IPv4 protocol was finite. Simply put, there are 2^32 useful addresses in IPv4 (subtracting the loopback and the non-routable). With all the connected

This area discusses the NS parts, for the most part compound system segments. The foundation of the pecking order is the Tcl Object class that is the super class of all Otcl library objects scheduler, system parts, clocks and alternate articles including NAM related ones). As a predecessor class of Tcl object, Ns object class is the super class of all fundamental system part questions that handle bundles, which may form compound system protests, for example, hubs and connections. The fundamental

IS3220 Final Exam Review 1. What can you detect by analyzing a data packet? Policy violations and possible network vulnerabilities 2. NetWitness Investigator works how? Real Time 3. What is used by TCP to establish a session between two systems? Three way handshake 4. Which of the following protocols is a connection-oriented protocol that operates at the transport layer of the OSI model and supports reliable connections? TCP 5. Promiscuous mode is most commonly associated with_____________?

The Internet in the year 2009. We send e-mails, make calls over the internet and discuss topics we take an interest in. Even our banking is going virtual. But what we take for granted today was only a vague idea fifty years ago. In order to understand how we got this far Let’s go back to 1957, when everything began. Before 1957 computers only worked on one task at a time. This is called batch processing. Of course, this was quite ineffective. With computers getting bigger and bigger they had to be

imperative for us to optimize our network in such a way that we can make maximum use of the network resources. Network coding allows us to do that. It achieves this by combining different packets that it receives at a node into one single packet for transmission, instead of simply taking and forwarding the packets. However, network coding is vulnerable to pollution attacks where a single malicious node can disrupt the operation of the complete network. Several protocols to detect pollution attacks

is able to fully utilize the available network resources in a highly dynamic fashion. Under low traffic conditions, however, because many other nodes may also have a small or 0 queue size, there is inefficiency in terms of an increase in delay, as packets may loop or take a long time to make their way to the destination. This is particularly of concern in intermittent encounter-based mobile networks which are already delay-limited due to the sparse and highly dynamic network connectivity. Such networks

protocols for mobile ad hoc networks, such as AODV, DSR. The intruder broadcasts mass Route Request packets to exhaust the communication bandwidth and node resource so that the valid communication cannot be kept. After analyzed Ad Hoc Flooding Attack, we develop Flooding Attack Prevention (FAP), a defense against the Ad Hoc Flooding Attack in mobile ad hoc networks. When the intruder broadcasts exceeding packets of Route Request, the immediate neighbors of the intruder record the behavior of sender and check

number of duplicate packets generated due to the Flooding Routing technique?. Answers; Techniques used to avoid flood duplication. 1. Include HOP COUNTER in the header packet which decrement at each hop along the path 2. Keep tracking of packed that have been flooded, to avoid sending them a second time. Where Source Router puts a sequence number in each packet it receives from its hosts. 3. Use selective flooding. In selective flooding the routers do not send every incoming packet out on every output

specific status details of a node, the location of nodes, private keys or secret keys, passwords, and so on. The control data are more critical for security than the trac data. Forinstance, the routing directives in packet headers such as the identity or location of thenodes can be more valuable than the application-level messages.Confidential or importantinformation may be leaked to unauthorized nodes present in the network by compromised node. Such information may