Participatory

and the Star Method. Some user-centered design approaches such as the participatory design and the star lifecycle, focus on including users in all phases of design. (Preece, Rogers, Sharp, Benyon, Holland, & Carey, 1994) In participatory design, users become members of the actual development team. In the star lifecycle, users get to evaluate each stage of development. (Lazar, 2011) So when using a lifecycle like the participatory design or the star lifecycle, users are very involved in the design of

1. What features of American society seem most to trouble the authors of the Port Huron Statement? When writing the Port Huron Statement, its authors explicitly mentioned two key features of American society that they found troubling. First, they considered the presence of racism and overall bigotry in the American South as "…the permeating and victimizing fact of human degradation" (Foner 283). The authors acknowledged the presence of practices that essentially dehumanized African Americans

II. The first dimension to Empowerment: the materialistic component The problem with categorising the poor in the context of participation is that the poor are often fragmented – geographically, economically and socially - and the preferences within the poor vary vastly (Emmett, 2000). Additionally, one must not forget the existing inequalities between the members within a community; one has to be cautious of the spatial politics of the poor. Hence, external actors (such as NGOs) must be careful

I entered the delicate balance project process with the intention of continuing the American chestnut restoration project that I initiated last semester. I was enticed by the appeal of bringing a lapsed keystone species back into the forests of Vermont, and the romantic legacy it might provide for my project. Unfortunately, I encountered a few challenging roadblocks in the American chestnut project’s early stages of implementation, such as lack of availability of blight resistant seedlings and the

people involved, only lasted one generation – in this particular case only four years. Though a more extreme example, as the degree of participation was unusually high and the span of occupancy relatively low, it shows the potential problems with participatory design approaches. Standardised Design Approaches If individualisation is considered as a strategy for designing the environment, its counterpart needs to be examined too. As the opposite, standardised housing creates a uniform environment that

Critically analyse Hart’s Ladder of Participation. What are the types of decisions children and young people can be involved in, and what is the link between the children and the adults when the participatory approach is put into practice? When should adults be more active in guiding children, and when should they step back and allow the children to work autonomously? Roger Hart (1992) developed a model, the Ladder of participation, which is made up from eight steps, each step indicate increasing

(IMPSA) followed a systematic process to integrate the experiences, recommendations and guild lines from people from all levels varying from farmers to policy decision making officials in the government to come to a clear consensus to form the participatory irrigation management policy in Sri Lanka (Merrey et al., 1992). The irrigated land area of the county is more than 5700 km3. About 65% this area under major irrigation schemes managed by the Ministry if Irrigation, the rest categorised under

There are three types of citizens in our society, they consist of personally responsible, participatory, and justice-oriented citizens. Many people say that personally responsible citizens are not enough and that they should be more like participatory or justice-oriented citizens but I disagree with that opinion. I feel that in order for a community to be a successful and productive, they need to have all types of citizens. Each type of citizen is different from each other although they contain

representative. Democracy is ideally a structure of governance that is by and for the people. These definitions represent democracy in its most pure unadulterated sense, true direct democracy (or participatory democracy). James N. Danziger in Understanding the political world expresses that “[…] participatory democracy […] is when all the citizens are active, direct participants in making public policy decisions. Realistically [there is no true form of this political system].” (Chapter 7, Page 170)

Chap. 1. What is apathy? Before inspecting the root causes and solutions to the problem of apathy, a uniform definition of apathy must be obtained to be used throughout this thesis. In the Oxford English Dictionary, the word apathy is defined as: lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern. The usage of the word apathy can be traced back to 17th century France, and then still further back to the ancient greek word apathēs, which meant without feeling. As the dictionary makes clear, the concept