Participatory

their development or not. 3.1 Participatory Approach of the Bamenda III Council Like other Sub-Divisional councils, the B3C is the leading institution of the Local government which is closest to the people and responsible for most local matters. The council is also responsible for enforcing local laws. The B3C provides community services and facilities using money raised from local taxes. Some funding is also received from central government and the Bamenda City Council. The Bamenda III municipality

study, which primarily utilized focused ethnographies, is that the researchers may not involve participants from a similar community (2013). In order to address this aspect, the researchers should have conducted a Participatory Action Research (PAR), specifically Community-Based Participatory Research (Barroso & Cameron, 2013, p. 187). Like ethnography, PAR allows the researchers to work towards improving the health of their participants.

offers mixed methods inquiry specific value-based goals which are incorporated at all stages (Baker, 2007) directly with the community. This study would incorporate Communicative Learning and Transformative Learning theory lenses that support a participatory approach that is enmeshed in critical self-reflection. The juxtaposition that to teach effectively we must also participate as learners in the process (Freire, 1970; Habermas 1971) with learning perspective that’s goal is to enables the participant

Executive Summary Action Research believes that "Human organizations can only be understood as whole entities" (Baskerville, 1999) and that social processes are best to be studied when change is introduced to observe the effects of these. Furthermore, It makes use of a cyclical approach in order for an initial holistic understanding of a social setting. The action research literature has strongly challenged the character of positivism. It is believed that this type of research is derived from a

Childhood can be explained as an early stage of life in which there is the existence of development through active and participatory socialization. The stage of childhood only began to exist post fifteenth and sixteenth century; children used to be considered miniature adults (James, p. 16). Once children were removed from the adulthood designation, the attitudes of parents also began to change; they began coddling their children. Prior to the fifteenth century, children were expected to perform

While completing the leadership style assessment, it seemed to be a race between participatory and free rein leadership style. After adding up the scores, participatory leadership came out on top. This assessment was accurate do to the fact that it allowed the leader to include the employees and allow them to have a voice. This type of leader possess the skills to include employees in the decision making process, even though the leader has the final say. The employees are free to express their experiences

Baby Boomers believed in something called participatory management (Rau-Foster, 2017). They felt they should have say in how the workplace flowed and how it was run. Below is a list is common characteristics of the Baby Boomers leadership styles: • Democratic • Believed in chain of command • Goal oriented • Create stability • Respect Loyalty Generation X Generation X (1965-1980) are taking hold in the workforce today (Schullery, 2013, p.235). The current age range for this generation is 28-43.

My positionality is composed both of cultural aspects and personal lived experiences that engender me towards certain perspectives (Holmes, 2014), thus introducing subjectivity in my research. As such, I must understand where my positionality is derived from to ensure that my research remains as “truthful” as possible (Holmes, 20014). I must remain self-conscious about my own views and positions and how they may influence my design, execution and interpretation of the research data findings (Greenback

There are three kinds of citizens Personally Responsible, Participatory Citizen, and Justice-Oriented Citizen. Personally responsible citizen is on who donate, obey laws, and are responsible. Participatory citizen is where the person holds leadership positions in the community, and puts effort towards making a difference, they understand the government agencies and policies. Justice-oriented citizen is the third kind of citizen. This person wants to understand why things are the way they are.

Participatory and Transformational Leadership Introduction Throughout this class, we learned that leadership can be defined in many ways by different sources. The definitions depend on many things and different variables. One way we can attempt to define leadership is through characteristics of the leader, the followers, and the situation (Yukl, 2013). Yukl, 2013 defines leadership as being “the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it,