Pathogenesis

Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis The pathogenesis of RA remains somewhat unclear, which also contributes to the underlying cause that initiates the process. However, strong clinical researches associated RA to occurrence of inflammation, and on the role of autoantibodies and immune complexes in initiation of the pathogenic process (73). Pathogenesis of RA begins with inflammation of the synovium in small diarthrodial joints in the hands and feet, and in some joints like elbows, wrists

A plethora of both genetic and environmental triggers contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma, one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases in the world (Burney et al, 2015). Studies have found environmental, physical and allergic triggers lead to exacerbation of disease in suffering populations. Similarly, in the last decade, advances in genetic research has lead to studies linking variation within specific genes and a vulnerability to developing asthma. Understanding asthma associated triggers

person, however, it can be spread widely through the release and exposure to spores ("Anthrax - Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, San Francisco Department of Public Health", 2016). The structure of the spores can be seen in figure 2("The pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis - MicrobeWiki", 2016). If infected anthrax can be a life threating disease. It most commonly appears in animals especially cows, pigs,

not treated. In recent report 56 million Indians suffer from depression. In worldwide the prevalence of depression is increase 18% from 2005 to 2015. Major depression is less common in older than younger adult which are living in community. The pathogenesis of depression is depending on various

The pathogenesis of arthrosclerosis is a progressive disease of the vascular system, it starts while we are young and progresses throughout our lives. The progression of arthrosclerosis, starts with an injury to the endothelial lining of the arteries, from such diseases as, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes and smoking. The damage to the endothelial cells causes dysfunction and the area with endothelial cell inflammation draws leukocytes, cholesterol, vascular smooth muscle cells and other

Though overweight and an excess of regional adipose tissue are considered major risk factors for OSA, there are also other interacting elements in OSA pathogenesis, such as craniofacial abnormalities and an altered UA structure. The results obtained in Lee et al. [3, 4] and Davidson et al. [5] suggest that the appearance of OSA is connected to physiological changes in craniofacial morphology or acquisition of speech. First studies used cephalometry and computed tomography (CT) to examine possible

cirrhosis, the end-point of CLDs, is distinguished by a prolonged inflammatory and fibrogenic process that leads to an abnormal angioarchitecture distinctive for cirrhosis. Several mechanisms are responsible for the angiogenic switch during the pathogenesis of CLDs. First, CLDs are characterised by chronic inflammation. Increased intrahepatic vascular resistance is primarily caused by anatomical changes, such as fibrotic scar tissue compressing portal and central venules. In addition, the formation

intraabdominal, dorsocervical, or breast tissues, and lipomas), lipoatrophy (loss of fat mass, eg, of the face, limbs, buttocks), and metabolic abnormalities (eg, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, or lactic acidemia). The pathogenesis of lipodystrophy in HIV-1-infected patients is multifactorial and includes effects of antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 itself, and genetics and other host factors. Evidence suggests that the nucleoside analogue, reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTIs)

Emerging evidence indicates that free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of several digestive system disorders as well as in the regulation of biological processes such as aging. Previous reports have indicated that opioids induce apoptosis via stimulating an oxidative stress pathway that is associated with the production of superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) [11]. NO, together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), has a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis and necrosis in various cells

inhibiting its assembly (Gitler et al., 2008). Altering vesicle trafficking at any point inside the cell can lead to an accumulation of proteins, which can have severe consequences for dopaminergic neurons. The endocytic pathway is also important in the pathogenesis of Prkinson’s disease. Mutations in the cyclin G associated kinase (GAK) are important for endocytosis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have actually been identified that can be associated with risk factors for sporadic Parkinson’s disease