Pechenegs

Ibn Khaldun’s 4 Step Model “Asabiyyah” means a unification of people through a common system of beliefs, culture, language, history, and traditions forming a community. Ibn Khaldun a historian/sociologist, describes this through many of his aspects of writings of the 14th century, describing “the bond of cohesion among humans in a group forming community (Wikipedia: Muuaddimah).” Asabiyyah can be from small societies such as nomadic people in tribes, to much larger societies such as empires and states

Pre-modern World War Strategies As human beings stepped into a new phase of civilizations, many wars have occurred between different people, and the wars were not surely out of violence. The sources that we have used so far for this course are all about the wars in pre-modern world. According to Sun Tzu, “supreme excellence” is an important thing in the battles because it can be helpful to break down the enemies without fighting (Part III, 2), by which he means to fight skillfully rather than military

The Rus Dialogues On the issue of the sources, both present their benefits and hindrances. The Ibn Fadlan text, for example, does not originate from Ibn Fadlan himself. It is instead a transcription of an account of his voyages to Russia as a client to the ambassador to the king of the Saqaliba. This fundamental aspect of the text reveals itself through repeated uses of “Ahmad ibn Fadlan says,” which automatically demonstrates that Ibn Fadlan did not write this account since he would have dispensed

tried to persuade the Pope to help him take over Constantinople and other cities. Alexius said “Come, then, with all your people and give battle with all your strength, so that all this treasure shall not fall into the hands of the Turks and the Pechenegs... Therefore act while there is still time lest the kingdom of the Christians shall vanish from your sight and, what is more important, the Holy Sepulcher shall vanish. And in your coming you will find your reward in heaven”(Rice 10). At this point