PH

Vinegar •Two graduated pipets •Pair of gloves •Safety goggles •pH test strips •Short stem pipet •Test Tube cleaning brush •24 well plate

SCI103 Phase 1 Lab Report Title: Measuring pH Levels Instructions: Enter the Virtual Lab, and conduct the experiments provided before going out into the filed for additional research. Please type your answers. When your lab report is complete, submit it to the Submitted Assignments area of the Virtual Classroom. Part I: Answer the following questions while in the Phase 1 lab environment. Section 1: You will be testing 4 known solutions for pH levels using a standard wide-range indicator

substrate must first fit into an activation site. When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it is called an enzyme-substrate complex. The resulting chemicals from the reaction are called the products. Enzymes can be affected by a few variables such as pH and temperature. “All enzymes work best at a specific temperature in the reaction to work. About an average human, enzymes work greatly at 98.6 Fahrenheit or 37.5 Celsius”(Effect). The lower the temperatures are the slower the enzyme works. At low temperatures

your report) Activity: Enzyme Activity Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 60 °C (140 °F) 3. Sucrase activity decreases with increasing sucrose concentration. Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity. 1. Dependent Variable. amount of product (glucose and fructose) produced 2. Independent Variable. pH 3. Controlled Variables. temperature; amount of substrate (sucrose) present; sucrase + sucrose incubation

environment and the impact of acidification on the their community diversity. We hypothesized that lower pH values would cause Ciliophora community diversities and health to decline. Based on our collaborative data from BI107 lab sections (2016), compared to the starting population, Blepharisma americana, Paramecium caudatum, Euplotes, and Vorticella’s average population size increased in pH conditions 7.0, 5.5, 4.5 and 3.5 (Figure 1). The reason for the ciliates to have a much higher average population

The enzyme then reverts back to its original shape. (BBC Science) Enzymes however, can become denatured which is when their structure is irreversibly altered by certain conditions either by high temperatures, or a pH higher or lower than their optimum. In addition to temperature and pH levels, the rate of activity of enzymes is also affected by enzyme and substrate concentrations, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators. In the following investigation, the proteolytic enzyme bromelain which

All enzymes work best at a specific pH making the reaction better. A few examples of enzymes and their pH level are Pepsin and Trypsin. Pepsin is a stomach enzyme works best at a pH of 2, which is acidic. Trypsin and many other enzymes of the small intestines work better at a higher pH which is basic. “By increasing the amount of enzyme or substrate molecules is known to increase the concentration to the solution”(Effect)

formation of these bonds can significantly affect enzyme function. These factors include pH, ionic strength, temperature, and the chemical environment. Throughout the experiment, peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol was used to test each of the hypotheses (Lab Manual). This experiment is able to capture the essence of how critical it is for an enzyme to perform in its optimal environment.

effective at breaking down starch, in the normal saliva pH range of 6.02 to 7.14 (Schmidt-Nielsen, 1946), any pH environment outside of this range will decrease the reaction rate. The same goes for the temperature of the amylase’s environment. At a normal body temperature of around 37°C, the amylase functions at its fastest rate

[Cu(H2O)4]2+ (aq) + 4 NH3 (aq) [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (aq) + 4 H2O (l) Initial observations - 0.1 M CuSO4: light blue, transparent, odourless liquid - NH3: colourless, transparent, strongly odorant liquid - 1.0 M HCL: colourless, transparent, odorant liquid Experimental Observations - Addition of 2 drops of concentrated NH3 to 1 mL 0.1 mol/L CuSO4 caused solution to become dark blue, become translucent, and odourless - 24 drops of 1 mol/L HCl was added until colour changed to light blue, odourless