Philadelphia chromosome

The book The Philadelphia Chromosome by Jessica Wapner follows the story of how a fatal disease called Chronic Myeloid Leukemia became one of the first targets of kinase inhibitors for targeted cancer therapies. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) affects only a small number of people (an estimated 8,500 diagnoses this year), but was until recently considered a fatal disease. Gleevec, a drug created by Novartis (mostly) that targeted the BCR/ABL protein in CML patients. This protein causes a tyrosine

Essay 88: The Philadelphia Chromosome and Leukemia The so called Philadelphia chromosome is an abnormal chromosomal structure present in most cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and to a lesser extent in other types of leukemia, most notably acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The origin of the term Philadelphia chromosome simply reflects the fact that a research team first identified this abnormality in a blood sample from a leukemia patient in Philadelphia, PA. CML vs. Acute Leukemias

1) The Philadelphia chromosome is chromosome 22, which has undergone a reciprocal translocation with chromosome 9, such that the long arm of chromosome 22 has been replaced with the long arm of chromosome 9. This chromosome is relevant to cancer because the long arm of chromosome 9 contains human c-abl oncogene, which becomes fused to the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) in the Philadelphia chromosome, following translocation. Presence of this bcr-abl gene fusion produces a poorly regulated tyrosine

hematopoietic proliferative disorder associated with a specific defect in the gene (Ciesla 2007, pp. 189). The gene defect is caused due to the translocation of the genetic material between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 (t9: 22). The translocation prompts to the development of a hybrid gene BCR-ALB in the Philadelphia chromosome, or Ph1. Therefore, this fusion gene mutation affects the maturation and differentiation of the haematopoietic cells (Ciesla 2007, pp. 189). However the introduction of a BCR-ALB particular

specificity and potency for ABL, c-kit, and PDGF receptors, which often harbor activating mutations and are typically mutually exclusive of each other and within specific cancer types.2 The compound has been approved as a targeted chemotherapy for Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic and acute myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML and AML), Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) aberrancy-related myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative pathologies, kit+ expressing advanced

Regarding our recent inquiry as to the viability of an Abl-Bcr inhibitor and the marketability thereof, it is of prudent management to discern the separation between our drug candidate and those drugs currently existing in the market, and evaluating the ease of development as well as long-term payoffs of said inhibitor. First, however, an introduction to chronic myeloid leukemia, its symptoms and diagnoses, as well as current treatments, is in order. In better understanding the disease, we can more

Chromosomes contain genetic information that is passed down from the parents to the child. The possibility of a mistake during cell division rise as a woman ages, therefore; the chances of chromosomal dysfunction increases. “All genetic abnormalities increase

work together to produce a baby dragon. You will simulate meiosis and fertilization, the biological processes by which the parents' genes are passed on to a baby. To begin, we will review meiosis and fertilization for dragons that have only one chromosome with a single gene. This gene codes for the enzyme that makes the pigment that gives dragon skin its color. · The dominant allele, A, codes for a normal enzyme that results in normal skin color. · The recessive allele, a, codes for a defective enzyme

visible chromosomes were observed in order to find the percent of crossing over during meiosis. Many chromosomes maintain a 4:4 gene ratio but some do truly cross over. The chromosomes that showed a 4:4 ratio as well as the chromosomes that were crossed over were counted and entered into a data table for 2 plates. The map unit and percent of crossover were found using the data collected and also recorded in the chart. DNA is replicated during the S-phase in interphase. Individual chromosomes become

each separate individual cell has its set of homologous pairs of chromosomes. While at the last stage of meiosis II, all of the haploid cells have their own sister chromatid from the homologous pairs. DNA is the set of instructions for all organelle and its’ function. Chromosomes are important, because they carry the DNA. The first phase of meiosis is mostly about splitting the cells in half and the separation of homologous chromosomes. In contrast, the second phase of meiosis focuses on the separation