Placenta praevia

Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is a serious disorder in pregnancy, causing maternal mortality rates as high as 7% (Wortman 2013 ).The incidence of this condition has increased in recent years, possibly due to a global rise in caesarean section rates (except Japan)(Al-Khan 2014; Comstock 2014;Vogel 2015).The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested a caesarean delivery rate of 15% as an acceptable standard(Feng 2012). Caesarean delivery rates of 50% and above are common in some areas of China

The umbilical cord is an essential lifeline between the mother and fetus. The cord contains two arteries and a vein, is connected to the placenta and provides oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus in-utero. Though parents are informed during discharge on how to perform dry care for the umbilical cord until it falls off approximately within one to two weeks, care for the cord begins in the hospital setting following the delivery. The main implication for umbilical cord care is to prevent infectious

suggesting that the accumulation of fat molecules in the placenta restricted the blood to flow through. Moreover, Insufficient oxygen and nutrients from the placental can interfere with the growth of the fetus. The immunohistochemistry, confirmed no TLR4 staining in the chorionic villous stroma in control placentas. Conversely, there were increased levels of TLR4 staining in chorionic villous stroma and syncytiotrophoblast in HFD placentas. (1) The TLR4 is a protein pathway responsible for activating

sac, amnion, chorion and allantois), which help to protect and nourishment the embryo. The placenta begins to develop (from embryos chorion and a part of mother’s endometrium). It will transfer nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the baby, and waste products from the baby back to the maternal system, it will produce and secrete hormones, and will be in charge of the immunological barrier. The placenta is connected to the foetus by the umbilical cord. Backbone, vertebral, the central nervous system

At the moment of birth the placenta (previously responsible for mediation in the respiratory, circulatory and hepatic functions between mother and a developing baby) is removed from the circulation and the neonates body must make several adjustments to undertake the respiratory and hepatic system roles as well as direct blood into its lungs to oxygenate it. The foetal lungs are relatively well developed around two months before birth. However, they are collapsed or partially filled with amniotic

What is Placenta Encapsulation? Placenta encapsulation is the practice of ingesting the placenta after it has been dehydrated, ground, and placed into capsules. Placentophagia is the process of a new mother consuming her placenta postpartum by either eating the placenta raw, cooked, in capsule form or drinking the juices from the placenta once it is cooked. Lullaby Birth has completed training with International Placenta & Postpartum Association, OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens & Infection Control, and

gestation whereas gender showed minimal effect on growth. Introduction Fetal development during pregnancy is predominantly related to the placenta and its function in fetal-maternal exchange (Ishikawa et al. 2006). Alterations in the interactions between the fetus and maternal uterine environment thus permit for the modification in fetal growth. In addition, the placenta also acts as an endocrine organ that produces hormones necessary for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy as well as fetal

What activity during oocyte activation prevents penetration by additional sperm? There are to methods consisting of an electrical block and mechanical block, which prevents penetration of additional sperms during oocyte activation. Electrical block involves the absences of fertilization (the oocyte contains a negative charge within and the sperm a positive charge). For instance, if an oocyte comes into contact with a sperm the negative charge within the oocyte changes to positive resulting any other

JeNa Johnson thought she would never compose a life story; quite often, she says, memoirs center on "the worst thing that ever happened to" a person. But when her first child died just three days after he was born, Johnson realized that she needed to speak about it. Johnson recalls her son's death — and the pain and suffering that followed — in her memoir, From My Womb To Heaven. Johnson and I (her husband at the time), who is a Soldier, were residing in Hawaii during her pregnancy. We were established

through the blood-brain barrier, blood-testes barrier and placental barrier (De Jong et al., 2008; Lankveld et al., 2010). Jo et al., (2013) found that ZnO NPs were distributed in mammary tissue of the dam and liver and kidney of the pups. However, the placenta is not an effective barrier because environmental pollutants and drugs can easily cross this barrier and cause birth defects (Perera et al., 2003; Olivero et al., 1997). Nanoparticles even in the absence of placental transfer, may pose a risk to