Placenta

What activity during oocyte activation prevents penetration by additional sperm? There are to methods consisting of an electrical block and mechanical block, which prevents penetration of additional sperms during oocyte activation. Electrical block involves the absences of fertilization (the oocyte contains a negative charge within and the sperm a positive charge). For instance, if an oocyte comes into contact with a sperm the negative charge within the oocyte changes to positive resulting any other

through the blood-brain barrier, blood-testes barrier and placental barrier (De Jong et al., 2008; Lankveld et al., 2010). Jo et al., (2013) found that ZnO NPs were distributed in mammary tissue of the dam and liver and kidney of the pups. However, the placenta is not an effective barrier because environmental pollutants and drugs can easily cross this barrier and cause birth defects (Perera et al., 2003; Olivero et al., 1997). Nanoparticles even in the absence of placental transfer, may pose a risk to

32- 33 wks AOG, Placenta Previa partialis Attending Physician: Dr. Romano Physical examination upon admission:

Project Background (500 words) The placenta is a fetal organ that is vital for the growth of the fetus during pregnancy. Abnormalities in placental development can result in pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pre-eclampsia (PE), which affect one in ten pregnancies in New Zealand. IUGR occurs in 3-5% of all pregnancies, and is associated with an assortment of increased risks of its own, such as hypoglycaemia, hypothermia, developmental delays and increased

sac, amnion, chorion and allantois), which help to protect and nourishments the embryo. The placenta begins to develop (from embryos chorion and a part of mother’s endometrium). It will transfer nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the baby, and waste products from the baby back to the maternal system, it will produce and secrete hormones, and will be in charge of the immunologic barrier. The placenta is connected to the foetus by the umbilical cord. Backbone, vertebral, the central nervous system

JeNa Johnson thought she would never compose a life story; quite often, she says, memoirs center on "the worst thing that ever happened to" a person. But when her first child died just three days after he was born, Johnson realized that she needed to speak about it. Johnson recalls her son's death — and the pain and suffering that followed — in her memoir, From My Womb To Heaven. Johnson and I (her husband at the time), who is a Soldier, were residing in Hawaii during her pregnancy. We were established

monoxide reduces the oxygen supply to the baby, leading to hypoxia. • Cadmium accumulates in the placenta and results in a reduction of capillary volume in the fetus. • Nicotine transferred to the fetus can disrupt hormones, alter enzymes levels or activity, and damage DNA which can lead to cell death, cancer or fetal abnormalities. • Nicotine also impairs nutrients and amino acids ability to cross the placenta, effect development of the lungs and brain. • Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage due to chronic

and an anxious feeling which would be relieved once the placenta would be delivered normally. I felt very lucky to have seen this water birth as I knew how much it meant to the mother. I felt a sense of satisfaction after witnessing this delivery, as helped her achieve her

Introduction The placenta is an essential organ known for synthesising growth factors and angiogenic factors for its own growth and fetal development throughout gestation. The placenta is made up of two morphologically and functionally distinct zonal layers, the junctional (JZ) and labyrinth zone (LZ). The JZ is made up of trophohoblasts and maternal blood vessels but no fetal vessel, and is the major site for the production of hormones (Choi et al. 2005). The LZ on the other hand is too made up

The placenta is an internal organ that grows during pregnancy, in normal cases it is attached to the lining of the stomach all through-out pregnancy. It is an endocrine organ that only grows during pregnancy and provides the unborn child blood supply of its own apart from the mothers. The blood supply and nutrients are transferred via the umbilical cord to the child, it is responsible for keeping the baby healthy while inside the womb. The organ works like a regular cycle, it washes the nutrients