Pluripotency

Nature paper “Bidirectional developmental potential in reprogrammed cells with acquired pluripotency”, published in 2014 and now retracted, Haruko Obokata et al. described a new methodology for the conversion of somatic cells into pluripotent cells, without genetic manipulation or DNA transfer. Somatic cells were subjected to sublethal stimuli and, therefore, named “stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency” (STAP). The research consisted in introducing mouse somatic cells into a very acidic solution

First off Vivisection is the practice that uses living animals for operations for the purpose of experimentation or scientific research. In shorter words vivisection is a type of animal testing. Aristotle used animal testing in 384-322 BC(Hajar 1). This just shows animal testing has been going on for decades. Vivisection is viewed as a harmful abusive practice to animals. If their was a way to demolish vivisection in the future there would be other alternatives that would replace it. Scientists

Literature Critique Carnahan M, Veazey K, Muller d, Tingling J, Miranda R, Golding M. Identification of cell-specific patterns of reference gene stability in quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction studies of embryonic, placental and neural stem models of prenatal ethanol exposure. Alcohol. 2013; 47 (2): 109-120. Introduction Consuming alcohol during pregnancy results in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). The spectrum of FAS ranges from barely detectable to severe functional and cognitive

JAK2/STAT signaling pathway was one of most significantly differentially expressed gene sets in BC compared with CP progenitors. This signaling pathway increases the ADAR1 expression in progenitor LSCs and promotes ADAR1-mediated A-to-I editing. Furthermore, ADAR1 impairs biogenesis of tumour suppressive miRNAs, thereby contributing to cancer progression. Since the let-7 miRNA family is also related to self renewal of LSC, it led the authors to investigate the correlation between JAK2/STAT pathway

CRISPR-cas9 allows researchers to edit part of the genome by inserting, deleting, or altering sections of the DNA sequence. The CRISPR-cas9 system consists of two key molecules: Cas9 and single-guide RNA (sgRNA). The enzyme Cas9 is ‘guided’ by sgRNA to the DNA sequences where it cuts the two strands of DNA at the specific location in the genome. Endogenous DNA repair mechanisms try to repair the breaks in both strands which then leads to indels that can cause mutation in the target gene. This process

Human cloning is the genetically identical copy of a human. Human cloning has a history of not going as planned and ending up with a lot of death. However, They can also be a huge benefit to our society. It depends on how much people know about human cloning, and how developed human cloning is at the time. Bioethics is the study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine. It is also moral discernment as it relates to medical policies and practice. In bioethics, the ethics

Compare advantages and disadvantages of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) for use in cellular therapy The research of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is talked about a lot in the field of medical research, not just by the scientists, but also by politicians, religious groups, etc. The discovery of stem cells is known as a medical sensation, with its research having the potential to cure many diseases. But there are still ethical issues standing in the way of this research, and due to this, different

many different cells of the body. This of course depending on whether the cell is pluripotent or totipotent. Totipotent cells have the ability to become all cell types. Embryonic stem cells have the ability to grow indefinitely and maintain their pluripotency which can be used to treat or cure multiple diseases but due to the nature of the cells origin the use of these cells is controversial. Much of stem cell research controversy comes from religious based criticism, and the question: what point does

area of research sounds, there are many implications that need to be studied further before scientists are ready to administer such treatment to patients on a large scale. This paper will seek to familiarize readers with stem cells, the idea of pluripotency, what cellular reprogramming is, the benefits and drawbacks of cellular reprogramming, and applications of reprogramming. For starters, a stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that is capable of regenerating itself or becoming induced into a

Expression of the long non-coding RNA Sox2ot during postnatal developmental of the rat brain Introduction Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) make up a large portion of cellular transcripts in the mammalian transcriptome (Clark and Blackshaw 2014) . In all human transcripts, at least 10,000 non-coding RNAs are thought to be greater than 200 base pairs (bps) in length, with little to no coding capacity, and are therefore classed as lncRNAs (Zhu et al. 2013; Clark and Blackshaw 2014). In some cases, transcripts