Pope Gregory IX

stigmata of Christ, the marks resembling the wounds of Jesus Christ suffered when he was crucified. After living a life devoted to God, Francis was canonized as a Saint just two years after his death on July 16, 1228, by his former protector, Pope Gregory IX. St. Francis ' father was Pietro Bernardone, a wealthy Assisian cloth merchant. His mother, Pica, little is known, but she is said to have belonged to a noble family of Provence. Francis was born in Assisi, a town in Italy in 1181 or 1182 — the

governed more cogently. Francis could no longer handle the duties of overseeing so many people, so Pope Honorius III required him to bring more organization to the order. At this time, Francis appointed Peter of Catanii as minister general to oversee the order. Within a year, Francis wrote a more formal letter to govern the order. Over the next few years, he would debate and revise the rule. In 1223, Pope Honorius III approved the Third Order. The Beginning of the End Over the next few years, his health

St. Anthony was born in Lisbon in 1195 and was baptized "Ferdinand." His parents were of nobility. Some writers of the fifteenth century posited that his father was Martin Bouillon, a descendant of the famous Godfrey de Bouillon, commander of the First Crusade; and his mother, Theresa Tavejra, was a descendant of Froila I, fourth king of Asturia. However, this genealogy is unproven. Nevertheless, his parents were faithful and sought to hand their faith onto their son. He also was privileged to receive

an excerpt from a letter from Pope Innocent IV to King henry III of England on the 23rd January 1245, shortly after the sacking of Jerusalem by Khwarezmian forces in the same year. When a Pope traditionally launches a crusade it is accompanied with excitatoria, formal letters appealing to nobility and kings for contribution to the forthcoming campaign. Although this letter was intended for the English king, Peter Jackson implies that the missing letter to King Louis IX would have almost have been identical

Pope Gregory Born circa 1020 in Sovana, Tuscany, Pope Gregory VII is one of the great reforming popes, and is best known for his part in the Investiture Controversy, which was his dispute with with Henry IV that reinforced the primacy of papal authority. He excommunicated Henry three times because Henry was getting out of hand and the political struggles between the Catholic Church and his empire. Although, Gregory was also despised during his reign by some for his expansive use of papal powers

of 1059, therefore he would have considered Honorius II the real pope as elected by Henry IV. Therefore, when Berthold records the event he doesn’t regard Bishop Anselm as the real pope, accusing him of illegally taking control of the papacy. This account of the papal schism would therefore lean towards the favor of Henry IV. In Berthold’s second version of the account he changes his opinion, “Bishop Cadalus of Parma was elected pope by an act of simony, since many bribes were given to certain persons”

Saint Philomena was the daughter of a Prince who governed one of the states in Greece and her Mother too was from the royal family. Unfortunately, her parents had no children, but they worshiped idols. However, they continue to offer sacrifices and prayers to their false gods. Certainly, there was a doctor from Rome named Publius, who lived next to them in order to check up her father. Publius was a Christian; seeing the suffering of her parents, inspired by the Holy Spirit, he spoke to them about

Mazzini's Ideas and Inspiration and Attitudes to Change in Italy in 1830s Introduction Guisseppe Mazzini was born in piedmont in Genoa; was a son of a doctor and a professor. He was a depressive and physically frail. In the revolutions of 1820 he became a nationalist. He tried two occupational directions, Medicine but became bored and kept fainting as well as Law that didn't interest him. In 1827 he amalgamated (joined) the Carbonari but was disappointed. In

his army, or work with any other revolutionary groups, unless they declared their loyalty to Piedmont. A lack of unity further led to a lack of central guidance. There was no universally acceptable national leader who could co-ordinate policy, Pope Pius IX had declined the position of Head of Italy, and neither Mazzini or Charles Albert were acceptable for everyone. ~Local revolutionary leaders had no central guidance to rule by and the separate states were all divided, setting up provisional governments

Bosco also had the gift of prophecy. He was able to read consciences and could foretell a person's vocation. He died on January 31, 1888. When he died, all the people of Turin came onto the streets in honor of him. On April 1, 1934, Pope Pius XI announced him a saint. Pope Pius said that through Bosco, extraordinary things became ordinary. People were drawn to Saint John Bosco because he was a man whose life revolved around charity. He always tried to inspire the youth to achieve greatness. Total, John