Pope Innocent XIII

Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, by the Rev. Elaine Gallagher Gehrmann:   Most of us know that the Roman Catholic church teaches that life begins at conception, and yet most of us don't know that this is a relatively recent change. It wasn't until 1869 that Pope Pius IX decreed that "ensoulment" takes place at conception. Up until then, the Catholic church had taught that "life" begins at 40 days gestation for a male and 80 days for a female, and therefore abortions before those 40 or 80 day periods were not

reign of Pope Clement V; and there was now a movement to return the center of power back to Rome. This movement was first truly seen under Pope Gregory XI and his successor Pope Urban VI. Earlier Pope Urban V had moved the center to Rome but it had been proven to be no more than a temporary idea; he had gone back to Avignon to die and there his replacement, Pope Gregory XI was elected . This along with other political problems and circumstances created a split in the loyalty among

In the 1500s under the reign of Pope Gregory XIII (7th January 1502-10th April 1585) work began on a structure that would maintain a university upon its grounds. This structure was known as the Palazzo della Sapienza, designed by Giacomo Della Porta (1533-1602). Giacomo Della Porta was responsible of designing and overseeing the project and he did so by designing a two-story colonnade which went around the courtyard. Before the project could be finished Giacomo Della Porta pasted away 1602. Thirty

between the pope and the emperor, owing to the former 's alliance with Bérenger 's son Adelbert. Liutprand also took part in the assembly of bishops at Rome, 6 November, 963, which deposed John XII. Liutprand describes from his point of view these events of 960-64, and sides entirely with the emperor, condemning the Romans very harshly. After the death of the pope, Leo VIII, Liutprand again went to Rome with Bishop Otgar of Speyer, as the emperor 's envoy, to conduct the election of a new pope, on which

There were many historical events that occurred in Europe during the sixteenth century. At this time, Europe was not very virtuous and respectable. This is because at this time, the Protestant Revolt nearly destroyed the Catholic Church. In addition to this, European politics were compromised by religious struggles which laid the foundation for the Thirty Years’ War. Though there were numerous events that occurred in sixteenth century Europe that are worth noting, this essay will focus on three individuals

Thirty Years War 1618-1648     The Thirty Years War brought a lot of devastation to much of Europe during the early seventeenth century. It was an instinctive conflict between religious views in link about political rule that brought most of Europe that began in 1618 and ended in 1648.  The Thirty Years War intrinsically was fought primarily within the Christian community about which denomination that should ruled the Christian empire within Europe; whether Catholics, Lutherans, Protestant, or Calvinists

Franciscan Order A Franciscan is a priest of a Christian religious order founded in the early 13th century by St. Francis of Assisi. The members of the order strive to the ideals of the order’s founder, St Francis. The Franciscans actually consist of three orders. The First Order is made up of priests and lay brothers who have sworn to lead a life of prayer, preaching, and penance. This First Order is divided into three independent branches: the Friars Minor (O.F.M.), the Friars Minor Conventual

Ages period. Although, at the time, bishops and popes became more functional in civil authority, it was not of power, but because of the opportunity to impart the religious authority. Afterwards, Catholic Church soon became the Roman Catholic Church. On the other hand, the East maintained traditions and at the Council of Chalcedon, Pope Leo disagreed with the decision to make Constantinople equal to Rome and fought for papal primacy. Written in Pope Leo’s papacy was the greatest mission taken place

In the late 1400’s explorer Christopher Columbus arrives on a land untouched by Europeans on his search for a faster route to Asia. Columbus had set foot on the Bahamas, a miscalculation stemming from ignorance that set out a path of the near extinction of the Native Americans. How can society celebrate a man who appropriated what can only be labeled as genocide? It is a cultural norm to hate the likes of Hitler and Stalin who massacred millions. The politically literate are repulsed by events such

ages, and the basis of the diagnosis ranged from God’s revenge, demonic possession, and witches even. The documented mistreatment of the mentally handicapped dates back to 500 B.C, while continuing on into the 1600s, which included the reign of Pope Innocent XIII, when the insane were burned to rid the “devil” from their souls. The maltreatment continued into the 1700s, where the ill were chained to walls, and treated as animals as paying customers walked into asylums and gawked at the suffering. Philippe