Popliteal artery

vessel, although it can also occur in one of the cardiac chambers and it is more common in arteries rather than in veins. It is justified if the localized dilation is above 50% of the normal lumen (Attenberg, 2011). The expect diameter is based on gender, age and other factors, such as body size (Johnston, 1991). A true aneurysm is defined by a weakening of the vessel wall and involves the three layers of an artery: tunica intima, media and adventitia. The Laplace’s law is a formula that relates some

Thrombosis, and diagnosing it before there are other complications that are formed due to this blockage between the veins. In the circulatory systems, the method of transport of blood from the heart and to the heart, operate on different mechanisms. Arteries have elastic muscle lining, which can withstand the pressure when the blood is pumped from the heart. Veins are transporting de-oxygenated blood back to the heart, and they lack muscle lining.

Left ventricle pumps the blood into the aorta, where the blood is supplied to the body tissues by the systemic arteries. Heart valves ensure one way blood flow through heart. The atrioventricular (AV) valves lie between the atria and the ventricles prevents the back flow of blood in to the atria while the ventricles contract. Chordae tendinae anchor AV values to

various substances that circulate in your blood, builds up on the walls of the arteries. The buildup narrows the arteries and makes it difficult for blood to flow through. The major risks of atherosclerosis are heart attack or stroke (American Heart Association, n.d.). A heart attack occurs when the oxygenated blood that typically flows to the heart muscle is severely reduced or cut off. This happens because the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood slowly become narrow from built up plaque

All families in the world have their own personal family risk factors pertaining to their health. These risk factors come from generations that are then sometimes passed down to the newer generations of the family. Some of these risk factors that families have could be diseases or cancers that can unfortunately take one’s life to soon because it attacks their body a certain way and causes it to shut down. But, many families could possibly overcome these risk factors they may have by changing their

the oxygen and nutrients that are required to function and survive (Sanders, Lewis, Quick, & McKenna, 2007, p. 123-124). In the case of an individual with CAD, the most common cause is atherosclerosis. It is a chronic inflammatory reaction in the artery walls with deposits of fatty proteins/lipids and cholesterol (Drake, Vogl, & Mitchell, 2015, p. 27). The inflammatory process is a pathological feature that contributes to the stages of atherosclerosis. It is initiated by attracting white blood

SEPSIS/SEPTIC SHOCK - 2013 Pathophysiology questions (50 points) Adv Nursing questions (85 points) Pharmacology (30 points) 1. Discuss the magnitude of bacteremia and sepsis in hospitalized patients and the relationship between these two diagnoses. (5 points) Septic shock is the leading cause of death for patients in intensive care units and is the final stage in a continuum of infectious and inflammatory processes. This continuum begins with bacteremia, which is the presence of bacteria in the

Literature Review Background Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside of the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart and other parts of the body (5). The plaque that forms can be composed of from fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood, which is dependent on a person’s diet. Over time the plaque will cause the arteries to harden which will cause them to lose their elastic function (5). If this happens it will limit

Introduction: The cardiovascular system is composed of the blood, the blood vessels, and the heart. The cardiovascular system serves to transport nutrients, hormones, and oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. Blood is slightly basic and is usually 7.4 pH. In the blood, carbon dioxide is in equilibrium with carbonic acid. This means that the more carbon dioxide in the blood, the more acidic the blood is. The reason the carbon dioxide is removed is to keep the blood from becoming too acidic. Oxygen, in

For this reflection of advanced perioperative practice I will be using a case study approach, I will also be using the Gibbs’ reflective cycle. (1988). Gibbs’ reflective cycle (1988) is a model of reflection that I feel allows me to achieve the depth of reflection that is required, I also feel that this model helps me to break the scenario that I have chose to reflect on into manageable sections. This model includes 6 stages of reflection which include description, feelings, evaluation, analysis