Potassium permanganate

potential occurs in the space between the myelinated sections of the axon. The diffusion and electrostatic pressure pushes sodium ion Na+ into the cell despite the lack of permeability of the membrane. The cell uses sodium-potassium transporters to pump out three Na+ and pump in two potassium ions K+ resulting in a low intracellular levels of Na+. this creates a voltage difference of -70mv which is the neurons resting potential. When the neuron is stimulated by a presynaptic neuron the sodium channels open

1. Introduction Heavy metals and their salts (Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Co, Ni,) are widespread industrial pollutants. In the waters they come from natural sources (rocks, the surface layers of soil and groundwater), the wastewater of many industrial enterprises and rain (polluted with smoke emissions). Heavy metals, as trace elements, are constantly encountered in natural waters and aquatic bodies depending on the geochemical conditions. Heavy metals are quite stable and cannot be destroyed. Entering the

Fluid & Electrolyte Shifts in Health Adult Marathon Runner It is evident that healthy adults running a marathon that replaces with only free water will run into pathophysiology challenges that will affect performance. Adequate fluid intake is crucial for prolonged, strenuous exercises to maintain adequate hydration, thermoregulation, maintain plasma volume and avoid dehydration (Duvillard et al, 2004). Although athletes are prone to hydrate as much as they can during extensive marathons, research

nutrients (Appel et al., 1997). The study compared a "control diet" to two experimental diets: • Control diet – A diet based on the typical American diet, high in meats and processed foods, limited fruits and vegetables, providing low levels of fiber, potassium, magnesium and calcium, and high levels of fat and protein. • Fruits and vegetables diet – A diet higher in fruit and vegetables, otherwise similar to the typical

Introduction Forensic labs are often called into action when police need the identity of an unknown substance to be identified as it could be an illicit drug. There are two major types of tests that can be performed. One is presumptive tests, which indicate the type of substance used, and the other is a confirmatory test, which actually determines the identity of a substance (Watson, 2008). Recently, new drugs have appeared in the illegal drug market. The new substances claimed to contain “non-Illegal”

muscle is able to conduct its own electrical impulses allowing it to contract and relax spontaneously without being told to by the brain or any other organ (Marieb, Mitchell, p. 512). This is due to the constant leakage of sodium ions into the mainly potassium filled cells which then eventually lead to action potentials causing the heart to beat rhythmically (Mariev, Mitchell, p.512) this rhythm is more commonly referred to as one’s heartbeat. From this BIOPAC laboratory, the student(s) should learn

product must be precipitated out of the solution and then weighed. For this lab, lead (II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) will be reacted together to demonstrate double replacement reaction between 2 ionic compounds. This was shown when chromate replaced the nitrate and formed lead (II) chromate, and when the nitrate replaced the chromate and formed potassium nitrate, which is shown in the

hypokalemic periodic paralysis and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Both of these are inherited and generally present from childhood, tho it is possible for symptoms to start showing later in adolescence. In hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, high levels of potassium in the blood interact with genetically caused abnormalities in sodium channels (pores that allow the passage of sodium molecules) in muscle cells, resulting in temporary muscle weakness and, when severe, in temporary paralysis. This disease may be

in the brain. It was hypothesized that if most of the Muller cell’s conductance was located in the endfoot, then the resistance in the endfoot would also vary significantly compared to the rest of the cell and this would have huge impacts on how potassium ions removed from

outside the cell and concentrated potassium exists inside the cell. When nerve cells are stimulated, sodium passes into the cell and a negative electrical charge is created. The electrical travels to a muscle cell which causes the muscle to contract. To maintain healthy intracellular charges, muscle contraction and fluid balance, a diet high in potassium is highly recommended. Fresh fruits and vegetables, grains, beans, whole milk and meat can help achieve a potassium-rich diet. Sodium and chloride