Programmed cell death

genes, free radicals, and everyday choices. The term “Aging” refers to in specific human beings, many animals, and fungi. Organisms such as bacteria, recurrent plants and some simple animals are theoretically immortal. Ageing can refer to single cells within an organism which have ceased dividing, also known as cellular senescence. Many don’t consider the everyday choices and how their bodies will respond. Whether it’s going to the beach with no sunscreen or going to a BBQ and eating a big greasy

Several decades of cancer research have identified thousands of mutation causing carcinogens, genetic mutations in DNA repair systems and mutations that cause dysregulation in critical signal pathways involved in cell cycle progression, cell growth and programmed cell death. Human cancers cannot be classified as a single disease because they are each unique on the molecular level. Often the same documented cancer type can inflict two patients with similar symptoms, but the required treatment for

famously known as the powerhouse of the cell? It is because of its energy production. The mitochondria is responsible for the large majority of the production of ATP(adenosine triphosphate for those who actually care). ATP is the molecule that provides energy for most of the body’s functions. This organelle also aids in the processes of cellular differentiation(the changing of one cell type to another) and cell death(literal programmed, predetermined death of a cell). The mitochondria is made up of

metabolic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are three major categories of the disease, type 1 diabetes occurs when the body produces minimal or no insulin, type 2 diabetes is when the body produces either little insulin or the cells are unable to respond to insulin, gestational diabetes mainly occurs during pregnancy. Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, which is, type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent. The major complication that is caused by Type 2 diabetes is unremitting

In addition, the studies reports that Crohn’s disease is heterogeneous disease that is characterized by different genetic abnormalities that results to T cells responses. The research paper has highlighted various signs of the disease that indicates that T cells usually response to the environment. For instance, the paper states that T cells are important to an individual’s immunity and has both protective and harmful immune response. The research paper has a purpose statement that provides the

choices which can make twins so different from each other. The ‘Gene Control’ activity 1. What are two different ways that changes in the epigenome can lead to cancer? • The abnormalities in the epigenome such as lower level of methylation. Cancer cell DNA due to low methylation is highly active so it is more likely to be

Topic 3: The role of p53 in genome integrity and cancer A gene that encodes for a protein to function as a tumor suppressor as well as to regulate the cell cycle are called p53, TP 53 or tumor protein. A mature p53 mRNA is found to be 2.2-2.5 kb in size and can be found mostly in the spleen and thymus, this gene is separated by 10 introns and are split into 11 exons. As said in the chapter one of the “p53 suppressor genes” book, the final product of the p53 genome was first identified as an antigen

Cancer cells, unlike somatic cells, divide at a quick and abnormal rate. Factors that may cause one to develop a type of cancer include genetic links and aging; lifestyle factors such as physical activity, diet, and tobacco or alcohol usage; and excessive environmental exposure to sunlight, ultraviolet light, radiation, or certain chemicals or bacteria (American Cancer Organization). The most common way one can develop cancer, however, is through uncontrolled cell division in the body. The cells in

where there is uncontrolled cell division and surrounding tissues are invaded. This invasion occurs by a process called metastasis; cells grow directly into surrounding tissues and are transferred through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. These rapidly growing cells are supported by angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from old ones, which helps supply the cells with nutrients. Cancer results from cell mutations which stem from DNA damaged during the cell cycle. These mutations are

Recently, it has been demonstrated by DNA microarray analysis that myelin gene regulatory factor (MRF) expression is specific to terminally differentiated oligodendrocytes (Cahoy et al., 2008; Heiman et al., 2008). Importantly, knockdown of MRF in oligodendrocytes by RNA interference downregulates expression of the majority CNS myelin genes (Emery et al., 2009). In contrast, overexpression of MRF in in vitro cultured OPCs can promote myelin gene expression. Oligodendrocyte lineage-specific MRF knockout