Prostate cancer screening

Health History Date: August 15th Name: Mr. ZNK Address: 1121 Maryland Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20707 Telephone: 3016554386 Age: 30 Date of birth: April 24,1984 Birthplace: Accra, Ghana Gender: Male Marital status: Single Race: African Religion: Non Occupation: Automotive technician Health insurance: Medical & dental insurance from work Source: Client Reliability: Client is alert to person, place ,situation, and time and is able to provide needed information during assessment Present Health/Illness

5.0 Laboratory Tests 5.1 Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Table 2: Summary of characteristics Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) Characteristic Data Comments Classification PSA is a glycoprotein produced by the prostate epithelial cells Cancer may elevate levels both from increased production and because tissue barriers between the gland lumen and vascular bed are disrupted. PSA Levels PSA has a half-life of 2.2 days and elevated levels vary in recovery depending on the cause of the elevation PSA elevation

Prostate cancer is considered as the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, in the U. S and most cases of prostate cancer have a good prognosis. Some of these cases can be aggressive and the death-rate is assessed to be 2.8%. The Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used for screening for prostate cancer, to aid early detection and treatment. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the prostate gland, found in the blood. Blood sample

Prostate cancer is the most common type of carcinoma and the second leading cause of cancer death in men, following carcinoma of the lung. The risk of developing prostate cancer increases with age, beginning at age 50, and is also higher among African-American men. The two highest age subpopulations diagnosed are men 55-64 and 65-74 years of age, comprising 29.0% and 35.6% of all prostate cancer diagnoses, respectively. The age-adjusted incidence rate of prostate cancer is 159.3 per 100,000 men

Effective cancer screening methods are used to detect or identify the presence of a specific cancer before the individual displays any symptoms of cancer. Early detection of a cancer through screening can save the life of a person who may have died without screening detection. Early detection of cancer can also provide a less costly and more effective treatment than if the cancer progresses requiring more advanced or drastic treatment. Screenings tests for the more common cancers such as breast,

Effective cancer screening methods are used to detect or identify the presence of a specific cancer before the individual displays any symptoms of cancer. Early detection of a cancer through screening can save the life of a person who may have died without screening detection. Early detection of cancer can also provide a less costly and more effective treatment than if the cancer progresses requiring more advanced or drastic treatment. Screenings tests for the more common cancers such as breast,

Each year approximately 233,000 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer (Eggener, Cifu, & Nabhan, 2015). In 2015, prostate cancer was the second most common cancer related cause of death among United States men (Eggener, et. al., 2015). While the majority of prostate cancers are slow growing with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 98%, statistics show that when prostate cancer is identified as metastatic, the 5-year survival rate dramatically drops down to 20-25% (Eggener, et. al., 2015)

Introduction Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men. According to the American Cancer Society, “there are nearly 3 million prostate cancer survivors in the United States today and this number is expected to increase to almost 4.2 million by 2024. Most prostate cancers (93%) are diagnosed at the local or regional stage, before the cancer has spread to surrounding organs. Treatment at these early stages is often very successful, and the 5-year relative survival rate approaches

Introduction Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer affecting men and the second leading cause of cancer death among American men (Qaseem, Denberg, Owens, & Shekelle, 2013). Medical professionals have been using prostate specific antigen (PSA) screenings along with digital rectal exam (DRE) for many years to screen for prostate cancer. PSA was first identified in 1966 in semen, followed by the identification of PSA in blood in 1979. The PSA test has been approved for use since 1994 to detect

Introduction According to Anderson and Marshall-Lucette (2016), prostate cancer is the second leading cause of deaths in developed countires with the highest incidence in diagnoses for males worldwide. (p1046) “African American men have the highest incidence of prostate cancer, with a 1 in 5 probability of getting prostate cancer with the lowest rate of participation in prostate cancer screening. (Sandiford & D’Errico, 2015, p.86) The Health Belief Model was constructed to help understand behavior