Prostate-specific antigen

or sudden weight loss is also red flag responses. The physical exam will focus on the genitourinary (GU) system. Important findings to look for are any discharge or lesions consistent with sexually transmitted infections. In males, the size of the prostate gland should be noted in the rectal examination. In females, any signs of a cystocele and urinary leakage from the urethra should be noted in the pelvic examination. Neurological examination should test for lower-extremity weakness and loss of sensation

Anticancer drugs are that are effective in the treatment of malignant or cancerous disease. These are known as antineoplastic drugs also. The drugs are involved in cancer treatment are several types. Such as-- • Alkylating agents – busulfan, mechlorethamine etc. • Antimetabolites – methotrexate, 6 mercaptopurine,5 fluorouracil etc. • Natural products –vinca alkaloids, taxanes • Hormones –tamoxifen, progestins These groups have also sub types. Without these common drugs nowadays a variety of

Hypogonadism What is hypogonadism? Hypogonadism is a medical condition characterized by reduced testosterone production in men due to either testicular failure (primary hypogonadism) or pituitary disease (secondary hypogonadism). Men may develop symptoms such as decreased sexual desire (reduced libido), erectile dysfunction, problems with ejaculation, fatigue, and anemia as a result of low testosterone levels. Long term, hypogonadism can also result in decreased muscle mass and osteoporosis.

Introduction This paper will focus on the economics of prostate cancer screening. The American Cancer Society states that cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death (10). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cancer is the second leading cause of death. In 2002 alone, half a million Americans will die of this disease. Of this numerical figure, it is estimated that

mechanism against infectious invaders such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and much more. The immune system has two types of immunities: innate and adaptive. Innate immunity refers to the defense system you are born with. It helps to protect you against antigens and has barriers that keep harmful materials from entering the

early detection and diagnosis of, cancers. The screening of cancer often works hand in hand with epidemiological research in order to establish the most high risk members of the population. Screening is actively carried out in diagnosis of breast, prostate, cervical and colorectal cancer. Breast cancer is the world’s second most common cancer (Symonds et al., 2012). Breast cancer is screened for through mammography which involves producing a radiograph of the breasts to allow tissue study. According

comparative study, including two additional urological cancers, namely invasive low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma and early stage clear cell renal carcinoma in order to test if the urine contains proteins sensitive to detect early stages of PCa and specific enough to separate the disease from BPH and other urological cancers. Urine samples used in this study were collected and stored with minimal processing and manipulation, following the recommended standards for clinical proteome analysis [24]. We

aspect of the immune response (e.g. T-cell activation) and 2) to encourage the targeting of particular antigens. The latter is typically achieved by exposing the immune system to the antigen in question, in vivo, or in vitro followed by re-introduction of the primed cells to the body. The clinical relevance of this approach has already been demonstrated for solid tumors such as melanoma and prostate cancer. Tumors of the nervous system remain a particular challenge in that their location is relatively

rates in the United States have continued through the first decade of the twenty-first century. However, Black Americans continue to have the higher cancer mortality rates and shorter survival times. This review discusses and compares only breast and prostate cancer mortality rates and mortality trends for Blacks and Whites. The complex relationship between socioeconomic status and race and its contribution to racial cancer disparities is discussed. I never really thought I would be involved with

A quick glance at the wrist and it's easy to understand why people may think their blood is blue. After all, the veins look blue. But is blood blue? The answer is no. In this article, we look at a variety of facts about blood, including color, types, and donation. 1. What color is blood? Is blood blue? Debunking a popular myth. It is a myth that deoxygenated blood is blue; all blood in the human body is red. Human blood contains hemoglobin, which is a complex protein molecule in red blood cells