Proteins

Eukaryotic cells rely on the ubiquitination of proteins for the proper control of their internal processes. Adding multiple ubiquitin groups aids in the breakdown of proteins, whereas adding only one ubiquitin serves regulatory roles other than degradation. The enzymatic activity of two protease classes frees ubiquitin groups from associated proteins: Ubiquitin specific proteases (USP) and Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCH). USPs are strongly involved in eukaryotic cellular functions and are

autophagy poses as a highly conserved catabolic phenomena where cells undergoing stress develop a cytoplasmic crescent shaped phagophore that matures into an autophagosome. The autophagosome is involved in engulfing damaged organelles and long lived proteins in order to replenish the cellular energy content and building blocks for biosynthesis. The autophagy phenomenon always occurs to maintain the cellular homeostasis. But, under stress there is triggering of this autophagy event beyond its basal level

membrane proximal coat components are recruited to the donor compartment by binding to a membrane associated GTPase or a specific phosphoinositide. Phosphoinositides make up a small fraction of membrane and cellular phospholipids. Transmembrane cargo proteins and SNAREs begin to gather at the assembling coat. Next, budding occurs. Membrane distal coat components are assessed and polymerise into a mesh structure. Cargo becomes concentrated and membrane curvature increase. The neck between the vesicle and

Further research showed that the NSF protein is interchangeable with the SEC18 gene (previously discovered by Schekman) for vesicle binding in mammals and yeast. Rothman also discovered that a calcium shift must occur before The NSF and SNAP proteins bind, so that the correct conformation on the membrane is available. By studying the interaction of between NSF and SNAP protein complexes and target cell membranes a derivative of the SNAP proteins were found, called SNARE complexes. The SNARE

Type VI secretion system and effector proteins Abstract: (T6ss) is one of several secretion systems particularly in gram negative bacteria , such as Vibrio cholerae and pseudomonas aeruginosa .Although, it is toxic system these bacteria has immunity protein to protect itself from lytic enzymes. Introduction: Gram negative bacteria have two layers of peptidoglycan which make import and export molecules (protein, enzymes and toxins) through them difficult, for that reason they have special mechanizes

The Five Major Compounds That Make Up the Human Body The human body is one of the most complex and fascinating things on this planet. There are five major groups of compounds that compose the human body. These are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleotides, and water. These compounds are all very important to humans and without them humans would not be able to survive. Compounds have many functions that encourage a human cell and a human body to function. Compounds are pure substances

to quantify the extent of esterification of proteins and the results showed that the highest level of esterification was recorded for esterified cowpea protein isolate (82%) followed by esterified common bean protein isolate (79%). Functional properties of native and modified proteins: PH-solubility profile: The pH-solubility curves of native and esterified cowpea protein are shown in Fig.1. The solubility profile of native cowpea indicate that protein solubility reduced as the pH increased from

trafficking, Cin1 appears to be unique to Cn, as a Cin1 homolog was not found in Sc nor Ca. Likewise, a Pan1 homologs was not found in Cn. However, by reciprocal BLASTp search, several proteins with significant homologies to proteins participating in Sc and Ca Pan1 pathways were identified {Wang, 2011 #5646}. Among them, an EH protein homologous to Sc Ede1 was selected for further analysis as Sc Ede1 is one of the key partners of Pan1. Characterization of the Cn Ede1 homolog and examination of its interaction

tight, gap, desmosome, hemidesmosome and adherens junctions. Tight junctions are very tightly sewn together by multiple proteins and this tightness forms a barrier that prevents any leakage of liquids across cells. An example of tight junctions can be found between skin cells which makes human skin watertight. Differing from the tight junction, a gap junction is composed of proteins surrounding a pore which enables the passage of amino acids, small molecules and ions between cells with a larger intercellular

studying proteins is understanding their properties. The hypothesis of this experiment aimed to test whether the enzyme in question, N-acetyl-β-D-Hexosaminidase, has an overall negative charge and will elute from the DEAE column in the first protein peak. The experiment was done in two parts. The absorbance values obtained from conducting the Lowry protein assay were used to extrapolate the total amount of protein and calculate the concentration of the protein. The total amount of protein in the sample