Proteins

and Histone Proteins Relationship To begin with, a nucleic acid is a macromolecule that is made of nucleotides units, in which each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. The nucleic acid can be in a DNA or RNA form and both contain all the genetic information an organism needs to function. On the other hand, a protein is a macromolecule composed of many amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. Even though both nucleic acids and protein are mostly

Proteins and lipids are major components that construct the human body. From a microscopic standpoint, proteins and lipids take on multiple roles to maintain homeostasis in the body as enzymes, substance transporters, and metabolic regulators. When a protein or lipid has the appropriate number of peptide chains or fatty acids that allow it to retain its structure and carry out its function properly, it is considered a healthy. These are highly abundant in animal-based foods such as fat-free or low-fat

polypeptides. Messenger RNA is absolutely necessary, because genes cannot leave the nucleus. They pass their information to mRNA, which transports that information to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs at the ribosome. Protein synthesis is the manufacturing of functional polypeptides in the cytoplasm. Protein synthesis occurs through the process of translation. Translation is the formation of a chain of amino acids by using the instructions a messenger RNA strand provides. This process takes

multipurpose protein that plays pivotal roles in the three essential and correlated biological events of homologous recombination, regulation of expression to unlinked genes due to DNA damage (also known as the SOS response), and mutagenesis. Within this gamut of processes in which RecA aids, the protein is specifically needed to drive three biochemical actions: interchanging homologous DNA, processing effector proteins for the SOS induction, and communicating between mutagenic proteins factors to

Introduction Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic molecules found in every living organism. These macromolecules are large carbon based structures. The macromolecules are assembled by joining several smaller units, called monomers, together through a chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis. The resulting polymer can be disassembled through the complementary process called hydrolysis.Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. This

Enzymes are protein catalysts, which are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They are macromolecules consisting of hundreds of amino acids conformed together. A small part of the enzyme, called the active site, participates in the catalysis of biochemical reactions. (Novozymes) Biological substrates are shaped to fit into the active site of their specific enzyme; enzymes will not bind to isomers of their substrate in most cases. The unique arrangements

Michael C Jewett BACKGROUND: Proteins are crucial biomolecules for functional and structural roles in all living organisms. Generally composed of 20 natural amino acids, they can organize into several combinations to generate functional and structural diversity. However, this diversity could be further expanded through the incorporation of non-standard amino acids (nsAAs) into proteins featuring novel functional sidegroups. Investigating these efforts to exploit the protein synthesis machinery forms

Another key study, performed by Darlington et al, analyzed the function of dCLOCK, the CLOCK protein in Drosophila. This study confirmed the identity of dclock, investigated the function of dCLOCK in regulation of the circadian genes per and tim, and demonstrated the function of PER and TIM in an inhibitory feedback loop (Darlington et al., 1998). First, a screen for a homolog of the mouse clock gene in Drosophila was conducted using the cDNA library of adult Drosophila heads and a probe of the mClock

As previously mentioned, WPHs are pre-digested to a degree, meaning that the resulting amino acids are more quickly distributed to skeletal muscles. This positively impacts the rate of rate of muscle protein synthesis after exercise. The way this process works is broken into two main steps – transcription and translation (Editors, 2011). In transcription, DNA is “unzipped” (opened), and with the help of the enzyme RNA polymerase, messenger RNA, or mRNA, is created by pairing complementary nucleotides

The protein misfolding induces structural conversion of a soluble protein to insoluble amyloids through self-assembling. The protein aggregation induces the loss of biological function and gain of disease and is well connected to several diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, prion diseases and type-II diabetes. Several studies have been carried out to elucidate the role of protein misfolding and aggregation in the pathogenesis of a number of protein conformational diseases (ref). Among several