Quark

Zweig independently postulated, then discovered, the quark, the smallest particle of matter that has yet been discovered. Simply postulating the quark did not fool other scientists, though, and

The fundamental forces in nature have been around for centuries. Tying everything together many scientist and physicist have came about to help with the theories of these fundamental forces which include gravitation, electromagnetism, strong, and weak forces. Physicist like Maxwell, Newton, Fermi, Chadwick, and Kepler, have made a strong impact on how people see the world today. These fundamental forces are what goes on in everyday life and what we still see till this day. The point we are going

The theory of the strong interaction force -- Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) -- predicts that at sufficient high temperature and/or baryon density, nuclear matter undergoes a phase transition from hadrons to a new state of the deconfined quarks and gluons: the quark gluon plasma (QGP)~\cite{Bjorken:1982qr}. Over the past two decades, ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have been searching and exploring

particles are the 6 quarks and 6 leptons. The quarks come in three generations. The first generation is the up quark and the down quark. The second generation is the charm quark and the strange quark. The third generation is the top quark and the bottom quark. The quarks also have a property that is called colour. They can be red, blue, green, antired, antiblue or antigreen. The property colour, does not refer to actual colour. Colour is meaningless on that scale. The quarks combine to form white

there are microwaves coming from every direction in space. The theory of the Big Bang says that this energy was created at beginning of the universe just after the big bang and has been moving through space ever since then. The universe cool to let quarks combine to make protons and neutrons. Temperature has decreased to 1014 degrees Kelvin. The basic building blocks of matter form. 1quadrillionth of a Second 10-35 Seconds Size is now the shape of a grapefruit. 10-40 Seconds Currently, the universe

are only four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Fortunately this is not true as that would be boring. There are also at least 4 other-less common states and Icontest a fifth. These are Bose-Einstein condensate, photonic molecules, quark-gluon plasma, superconductors, and superfluids. They all have unique properties that clearly distinguish differences between them and the traditional four states. These breakthroughs could help us in the future and have some practical uses right now

are made of individual particles called quarks. A

Gauge Bosons: Fundamental Interactions And Their Evolution Ray Sahab, Harpreet Kaur, Manish Rawat, Kanishka Kumar Singh Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee – 247667 Abstract In this paper, we study the four fundamental interactions, namely electromagnetic, weak, strong, and gravity separately along with its corresponding gauge boson; the theories of the four fundamental interactions and their evolution was studied carefully. We constrain ourselves to study the only

elementary particles. Elementary particles are the building blocks of matter and are separated into two groups, Leptons and Quarks. Both Leptons and Quarks contain groups and generations. The groups, containing six particles each, are related in pairs known as generations. Quark generations are broken up in three pairs. Up and Down Quark, Charm and Strange Quark, and Top and Bottom Quark. Leptons are also grouped in three generations.

thus cooled, common particles began to form. These particles are called baryons and include photons, neutrinos, electrons and quarks would become the building blocks of matter and life as we know it. During the baryon genesis period there were no recognizable heavy particles such as protons or neutrons because of the still intense heat. At this moment, there was only a quark soup.” (LaRocco, Rothstein 2001) According to the Big Bang Theory over the course of millions and billions of years the Earth