Rayleigh fading

Abstract— This paper presents the design of an optimized Compressive Sensing (CS) based image compression technique for data transmission over mobile wireless noisy channel. The proposed technique is more robust to channel noise. It uses individual measurement driven coding scheme, which facilitates simpler encoder design. The shift of computational burden from encoder to decoder is more suitable for mobile devices applications where computational power and battery life are limited. This paper also

Figure 3.20 BER examination of an OFDM-MIMO framework under AWGN channel. 3.3.3 Hardware Implementation Results Through the equipment co-simulation transform, the VHDL coding of the framework is proficient. The created VHDL codes are transported in into the ISE apparatus to make further framework check at the RTL level. Outline blend is performed with Xilinx 's XST and the entryway level netlist is gotten. After that, place and steering are performed. The steering deferrals are back commented to

Error Performance improvement in Spatially Multiplexed MIMO Systems over Weibull-Gamma Fading Channel Keerti Tiwari and Davinder S. Saini Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, (H.P.) - 173234, India E-mail- keerti.tiwari@mail.juit.ac.in, davinder.saini@juit.ac.in Abstract- In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, spatial demultiplexing at the receiver is a motivational task. Thus, several detection techniques

Cooperative communication is a new concept of research and it is a powerful technique to mitigate fading in wireless relaying layout. Concerning with the fading problem, this paper is focuses to give a better non-orthogonal space-time block code (STBC) scheme and assimilate it in the cooperative relaying nodes for upgrading performance of the system. Golden coded has also been incorporated in IEEE 802.16 (Wi-MAX) standard as a full rate full diversity space-time code and proven to present a ranking

MMSE-OSIC detection is used which gives reduced error rate compared to traditional MMSE with a considerable level of complexity. The system performance is analyzed in a composite fading environment which deals with multipath and shadowing, known as Weibull-gamma (WG) fading environment. Along with the composite fading, a composite noise i.e. additive white generalized Gaussian noise (AWGGN) model is taken into account to form various noise scenarios such as impulsive, Gamma, Laplacian, Gaussian

The wireless channel is different and much more unpredictable than the wire line channel because of factors such as multipath and shadow fading, Doppler shift, and time dispersion or delay spread. These factors are all related to variability introduced by mobility of the user and the wide range of environmental conditions that are encountered as a result. (i) Multipath Delay Spread The multipath delay spread is the time dispersion characteristic of the channel. Each multipath component is typically

known as receiver Array Gain. Basically, multiple antenna systems require perfectchannel knowledge either at the transmitter or receiver or both to achieve thisarray gain. Next important term is Diversity Gain. Multipath fading is a significant problem in communications. In a fading channel,signals experience fades.When the signalpower drops significantly, the channel is said to be in a fade. This gives rise tohigh bit error rates (BER).This involvesproviding replicas of the transmitted signal over

OFDM is a great technique to handle impairments of wireless communication channels such as multipath propagation. Hence, OFDM is a practical candidate for future 4G wireless communications techniques [1]-[4]. On the other hand, one of the major drawbacks of the OFDM communication system is the drift in reference carrier. The offset present in received carrier will lose orthogonality among the carriers. Hence, the CFO causes a reduction of desired signal amplitude in the output decision variable and

vulnerable to problems caused by multipath effects. When an electromagnetic field (EM field) is met with obstructions such as hills, buildings, utility wires, and canyons the wavefronts are scattered, and thus it take multi paths to reach the destination. Fading, cut-out (cliff effect), and intermittent reception (picket fencing) are the problems caused by late arrival of scattered portion of signals. In a digital communications system, it cause a reduction of data speed and number of errors is increased

exactly one frequency, and the carrier frequency is modulated by random phase jitter [2]. The phase noise introduced results in a mismatch of frequencies between the local oscillators at the transmitter and the receiver. In addition, Doppler effects in fading channel also causes frequency offsets at the receiving carrier. As a result, the numbers of subcarriers cycles within the FFT period are not integers anymore, and the orthogonality property between subcarriers is not kept, causing ICI for an OFDM